La-Beck Ninh M, Islam Md Rakibul, Markiewski Maciej M
Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 8;11:603039. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603039. eCollection 2020.
Nanoparticle-based anticancer medications were first approved for cancer treatment almost 2 decades ago. Patients benefit from these approaches because of the targeted-drug delivery and reduced toxicity, however, like other therapies, adverse reactions often limit their use. These reactions are linked to the interactions of nanoparticles with the immune system, including the activation of complement. This activation can cause well-characterized acute inflammatory reactions mediated by complement effectors. However, the long-term implications of chronic complement activation on the efficacy of drugs carried by nanoparticles remain obscured. The recent discovery of protumor roles of complement raises the possibility that nanoparticle-induced complement activation may actually reduce antitumor efficacy of drugs carried by nanoparticles. We discuss here the initial evidence supporting this notion. Better understanding of the complex interactions between nanoparticles, complement, and the tumor microenvironment appears to be critical for development of nanoparticle-based anticancer therapies that are safer and more efficacious.
基于纳米颗粒的抗癌药物大约在20年前首次被批准用于癌症治疗。由于靶向给药和毒性降低，患者从这些方法中受益，然而，与其他疗法一样，不良反应常常限制了它们的使用。这些反应与纳米颗粒与免疫系统的相互作用有关，包括补体的激活。这种激活可导致由补体效应器介导的特征明确的急性炎症反应。然而，慢性补体激活对纳米颗粒携带药物疗效的长期影响仍不明确。补体促肿瘤作用的最新发现增加了纳米颗粒诱导的补体激活实际上可能降低纳米颗粒携带药物抗肿瘤疗效的可能性。我们在此讨论支持这一观点的初步证据。更好地理解纳米颗粒、补体和肿瘤微环境之间的复杂相互作用，对于开发更安全、更有效的基于纳米颗粒的抗癌疗法似乎至关重要。
