Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Osnabrück University, Barbarastraße 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Osnabrück University, Barbarastraße 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Feb 15;256:109919. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109919. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
Grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems in Europe. However, their biodiversity has become increasingly threatened by land-use and climate change. Here, we analyze Orthoptera assemblage shifts between 1996 and 2017 across three grassland types in the Black Forest (SW Germany) (N = 63): (i) formerly managed wet grasslands which have been frequently abandoned in recent decades (WET) (N = 15); (ii) common pastures which are still traditionally managed by rough grazing (COMMON) (N = 29), and (iii) mesic grasslands which have recently suffered from land-use intensification (MESIC) (N = 19). Both annual and summer temperatures increased during the study period. Orthoptera assemblages strongly responded to the altered environmental conditions in the grasslands. However, effects differed clearly among grassland types. Despite a strong increase in overall species richness in common pastures, neither the Community Farmland Index (CFI) nor the Community Temperature Index (CTI) had changed. In the two other grassland types, the CFI decreased and the CTI increased. The CFI - established here for Orthoptera - helped to disentangle the effects of climate and land-use change on Orthoptera assemblage composition. Based on our study, climate warming has led to biotic homogenization of the Orthoptera assemblages of wet grasslands affected by abandonment, and mesic grasslands affected by land-use intensification towards a dominance of more widespread species. In contrast, common pastures characterized by a high heterogeneity and low-intensity management were more resilient to the effects of climate warming.
草原是欧洲物种最丰富的生态系统之一。然而，它们的生物多样性越来越受到土地利用和气候变化的威胁。在这里，我们分析了 1996 年至 2017 年间在德国西南部黑森林的三种草原类型（N=63）中直翅目动物组合的变化：（i）曾经管理过的湿地草原，近几十年来频繁被废弃（WET）（N=15）；（ii）仍由粗放放牧管理的普通牧场（COMMON）（N=29），以及（iii）近年来受到土地利用集约化影响的湿润草原（MESIC）（N=19）。在研究期间，年温和夏季温度都有所上升。直翅目动物组合对草原环境条件的变化做出了强烈的反应。然而，这些影响在不同的草原类型之间有明显的差异。尽管普通牧场上的物种丰富度总体上有了很大的增加，但社区农田指数（CFI）和社区温度指数（CTI）都没有变化。在其他两种草原类型中，CFI 下降，CTI 上升。在这里为直翅目动物建立的 CFI 有助于区分气候和土地利用变化对直翅目动物组合组成的影响。根据我们的研究，气候变暖导致受废弃影响的湿地草原和受土地利用集约化影响的湿润草原的直翅目动物组合趋于生物同质化，偏向更广泛分布的物种。相比之下，以高度异质性和低强度管理为特征的普通牧场对气候变暖的影响更具弹性。
