Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Thailand.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020 May 3;46(3):325-332. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1692213. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Underage drinking contributes to numerous health and social problems among adolescents. The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, issued in Thailand in 2008, contains several clauses aiming at preventing underage and novice drinking, such as raising the minimum legal purchasing age from 18 to 20, banning alcohol sale and consumption in places frequented by youth, and banning alcohol advertisements.
To estimate the changes in the prevalence of alcohol consumption and perceptions of drinking norms among high-school students 8 years after the Act was implemented.
Data from the Thai national high-school surveys in 2007 (N = 50,033; 49.9% female) and 2016 (N = 38,535; 49.8% female), using similar questionnaires, were analyzed. Prevalence rates and group norms toward drinking were compared between the two surveys, using weighted Poisson regression and prevalence ratios.
Drinking prevalence significantly increased in females, with prevalence ratios ranging from 1.2 for 30-day intoxication to 2.1 for 30-day binging. In males, the 12-month drinking prevalence increased in 2016, but a non-significant change for binge drinking and a 40% decrease for intoxication was seen. Higher proportions of students in 2016 perceived that most of their friends also drank alcohol compared to students in 2007 (16.8% vs. 11.2%; 49.8% increase). A significant effect of the year of survey on drinking patterns was seen across all school levels.
Drinking rates decreased among males, but increased in females. These changes may be somewhat due to the Act, or to changes in the social environment in Thailand over this 8-year period.
未成年人饮酒会给青少年带来诸多健康和社会问题。2008 年泰国颁布的《酒精饮料管制法》包含了若干旨在防止未成年人和新手饮酒的条款，例如将最低法定购买年龄从 18 岁提高到 20 岁，禁止在青少年常去的场所销售和消费酒类，以及禁止酒类广告。
评估该法案实施 8 年后，高中生饮酒率和对饮酒规范认知的变化。
利用类似的调查问卷，对 2007 年（N=50033，女性占 49.9%）和 2016 年（N=38535，女性占 49.8%）的泰国全国性高中调查数据进行分析。使用加权泊松回归和患病率比比较两次调查的饮酒率和群体饮酒规范。
女性饮酒率显著上升，30 天醉酒和 30 天狂饮的患病率比值分别为 1.2 和 2.1。在男性中，2016 年的 12 个月饮酒率有所增加，但狂饮和醉酒的变化无统计学意义，醉酒的比例下降了 40%。与 2007 年相比，2016 年更多的学生认为他们的大多数朋友也饮酒（16.8%比 11.2%，增加 49.8%）。在所有学校水平上，调查年份对饮酒模式的影响都具有统计学意义。
男性饮酒率下降，但女性饮酒率上升。这些变化可能部分归因于该法案，或归因于泰国在这 8 年期间社会环境的变化。
