Prieto-Callejero Blanca, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Alvarado-Gómez Francisco, Dias Adriano, García-Iglesias Juan Jesús, Ruiz-Frutos Carlos
Hospital Virgen de la Bella, Lepe, Huelva, Spain.
Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor. 2020;23(1):52-67. doi: 10.12961/aprl.2019.22.01.05.
To analyze catharsis techniques used with professionals assisting victims of emergencies and disasters.
Systematic review carried out in seven bibliographic databases: MEDLINE-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and other secondary sources, for articles published between 2008 and 2017, with the terms "catharsis", "emergencies", "debriefing" y "post-traumatic stress". Publication and selection biases were taken into account.
Five reviews met the study inclusion criteria. Distress and traumatic experiences following an emergency or disaster are very common among health professionals, with adverse repercussions at the physical, psychological and cognitive levels. Some authors find that debriefing offers an opportunity for emotional release and toreduce the impact of stress on the lives of emergency responders, acting as a support network where they can reconstruct their experiences, express their thoughts and feelings, and reduce the impact on their lives. For other authors, however, this technique is not always effective for all professionals and may lead to negative consequences.
Debriefing is a common intervention that promotes catharsis. However, there is considerable controversy over its implementation and effectiveness. This study identified a diversity of catharsis techniques applied to staff responding to emergencies and disasters.
分析用于协助紧急情况和灾难受害者的专业人员的宣泄技巧。
在七个文献数据库中进行系统综述：MEDLINE-Pubmed、科学网、考克兰图书馆、护理学与健康领域数据库、Scopus、心理学文摘数据库以及其他二手资料来源，检索2008年至2017年发表的文章，检索词为“宣泄”“紧急情况”“汇报”和“创伤后应激”。考虑了发表偏倚和选择偏倚。
五项综述符合研究纳入标准。紧急情况或灾难后的痛苦和创伤经历在卫生专业人员中非常常见，在身体、心理和认知层面都有不良影响。一些作者发现，汇报提供了一个情绪释放的机会，并减少压力对急救人员生活的影响，起到一个支持网络的作用，使他们能够重构自己的经历，表达自己的想法和感受，并减少对其生活的影响。然而，对于其他作者来说，这种技巧并非对所有专业人员都总是有效，而且可能会导致负面后果。
汇报是一种促进宣泄的常见干预措施。然而，其实施和有效性存在相当大的争议。本研究确定了多种应用于应对紧急情况和灾难的工作人员的宣泄技巧。
