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缝隙连接依赖性 cGAMP 向吞噬细胞的转移调节抗病毒反应。

Connexin-Dependent Transfer of cGAMP to Phagocytes Modulates Antiviral Responses.

机构信息

Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

mBio. 2020 Jan 28;11(1):e03187-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.03187-19.

Abstract

Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) plays a critical role in antiviral responses to many DNA viruses. Sensing of cytosolic DNA by cGAS results in synthesis of the endogenous second messenger cGAMP that activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in infected cells. Critically, cGAMP can also propagate antiviral responses to uninfected cells through intercellular transfer, although the modalities of this transfer between epithelial and immune cells remain poorly defined. We demonstrate here that cGAMP-producing epithelial cells can transactivate STING in cocultured macrophages through direct cGAMP transfer. cGAMP transfer was reliant upon connexin expression by epithelial cells and pharmacological inhibition of connexins blunted -dependent transactivation of the macrophage compartment. Macrophage transactivation by cGAMP contributed to a positive-feedback loop amplifying antiviral responses, significantly protecting uninfected epithelial cells against viral infection. Collectively, our findings constitute the first direct evidence of a connexin-dependent cGAMP transfer to macrophages by epithelial cells, to amplify antiviral responses. Recent studies suggest that extracellular cGAMP can be taken up by macrophages to engage STING through several mechanisms. Our work demonstrates that connexin-dependent communication between epithelial cells and macrophages plays a significant role in the amplification of antiviral responses mediated by cGAMP and suggests that pharmacological strategies aimed at modulating connexins may have therapeutic applications to control antiviral responses in humans.

摘要

环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合酶 (cGAS) 的激活在许多 DNA 病毒的抗病毒反应中起着关键作用。cGAS 通过识别细胞质 DNA ,合成内源性第二信使 cGAMP,从而激活感染细胞中的干扰素基因刺激物 (STING)。关键的是,cGAMP 还可以通过细胞间转移将抗病毒反应传播到未感染的细胞,尽管上皮细胞和免疫细胞之间这种转移的模式仍未得到很好的定义。我们在这里证明,产生 cGAMP 的上皮细胞可以通过直接 cGAMP 转移来激活共培养的巨噬细胞中的 STING。cGAMP 转移依赖于上皮细胞中连接蛋白的表达,而连接蛋白的药理学抑制削弱了对巨噬细胞区室的依赖激活。cGAMP 对巨噬细胞的转激活有助于抗病毒反应的正反馈循环,显著保护未感染的上皮细胞免受病毒感染。总的来说,我们的研究结果首次提供了上皮细胞通过连接蛋白将 cGAMP 转移到巨噬细胞以放大抗病毒反应的直接证据。最近的研究表明,细胞外 cGAMP 可以通过多种机制被巨噬细胞摄取以与 STING 结合。我们的工作表明,上皮细胞与巨噬细胞之间依赖连接蛋白的通讯在 cGAMP 介导的抗病毒反应的放大中起着重要作用,并表明旨在调节连接蛋白的药理学策略可能具有治疗应用,以控制人类的抗病毒反应。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/16da/6989113/e78ee9cb6431/mBio.03187-19-f0001.jpg

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