Li Zhaohe, Cai Siqi, Sun Yutong, Li Li, Ding Siyuan, Wang Xin
Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 29;11:2064. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02064. eCollection 2020.
To effectively defend against microbial pathogens, the host cells mount antiviral innate immune responses by producing interferons (IFNs), and hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Upon recognition of cytoplasmic viral or bacterial DNAs and abnormal endogenous DNAs, the DNA sensor cGAS synthesizes 2',3'-cGAMP that induces STING (stimulator of interferon genes) undergoing conformational changes, cellular trafficking, and the activation of downstream factors. Therefore, STING plays a pivotal role in preventing microbial pathogen infection by sensing DNAs during pathogen invasion. This review is dedicated to the recent advances in the dynamic regulations of STING activation, intracellular trafficking, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) by the host and microbial proteins.
为了有效抵御微生物病原体，宿主细胞通过产生干扰素（IFN）和数百种干扰素刺激基因（ISG）来启动抗病毒先天免疫反应。在识别细胞质中的病毒或细菌DNA以及异常内源性DNA后，DNA传感器cGAS合成2',3'-cGAMP，后者诱导干扰素基因刺激因子（STING）发生构象变化、细胞转运并激活下游因子。因此，STING在病原体入侵期间通过感知DNA来预防微生物病原体感染方面发挥着关键作用。本综述致力于介绍宿主和微生物蛋白对STING激活、细胞内转运和翻译后修饰（PTM）的动态调控的最新进展。
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