Rezayian Maryam, Niknam Vahid, Ebrahimzadeh Hassan
Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran.
Toxicol Rep. 2019 Oct 24;6:1309-1313. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.001. eCollection 2019.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) typically produce in algae and act as secondary messengers in numerous cellular processes. Under abiotic stresses, the balance between production and suppression of ROS disappears and causes increase of ROS. Increasing excessive ROS can cause damage to various cellular components comprising cell membranes, proteins and lipids. Algae have an antioxidant defense system to overcome on oxidative damage. Antioxidant defense mechanisms are of two types, namely enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The non-enzymatic antioxidants include carotenoids, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, glutathione, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. In this review, we describe the various types of ROS and their production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms for ROS suppression.
活性氧（ROS）通常在藻类中产生，并在众多细胞过程中充当第二信使。在非生物胁迫下，ROS产生与抑制之间的平衡消失，导致ROS增加。过量增加的ROS会对包括细胞膜、蛋白质和脂质在内的各种细胞成分造成损害。藻类具有抗氧化防御系统来克服氧化损伤。抗氧化防御机制有两种类型，即酶促抗氧化剂和非酶促抗氧化剂。酶促抗氧化剂包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶。非酶促抗氧化剂包括类胡萝卜素、生育酚、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物。在这篇综述中，我们描述了ROS的各种类型及其产生，以及抑制ROS的抗氧化防御机制。
