Tavu Lady Edlenill J, Redillas Mark Christian Felipe R
Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Manila 0922, Philippines.
Plants (Basel). 2025 May 14;14(10):1463. doi: 10.3390/plants14101463.
Oxidative stress, arising from environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and pathogen attack, significantly impairs rice () growth, yield, and grain quality. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in rice, with a focus on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their physiological and molecular impacts, and the antioxidant defense systems employed for mitigation. The roles of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, along with key transcription factors, signaling pathways, and stress-responsive genes, are explored in detail. This study further highlights varietal differences in oxidative stress tolerance, emphasizing traditional, modern, and genetically engineered rice cultivars. Recent advances in breeding strategies, gene editing technologies, and multi-omics integration are discussed as promising approaches for enhancing stress resilience. The regulatory influence of epigenetic modifications and small RNAs in modulating oxidative stress responses is also examined. Finally, this paper identifies critical research gaps-including the need for multi-stress tolerance, long-term field validation, and deeper insights into non-coding RNA functions-and offers recommendations to inform the development of climate-resilient rice varieties through integrative, sustainable strategies.
由干旱、盐度、极端温度和病原体攻击等环境挑战引发的氧化应激，会显著损害水稻的生长、产量和籽粒品质。本综述全面综合了水稻氧化应激的潜在机制，重点关注活性氧（ROS）的产生、它们的生理和分子影响，以及用于缓解的抗氧化防御系统。详细探讨了酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂的作用，以及关键转录因子、信号通路和应激反应基因。本研究进一步强调了氧化应激耐受性的品种差异，重点介绍了传统、现代和基因工程水稻品种。讨论了育种策略、基因编辑技术和多组学整合方面的最新进展，这些都是增强胁迫恢复力的有前景的方法。还研究了表观遗传修饰和小RNA在调节氧化应激反应中的调控影响。最后，本文指出了关键的研究空白，包括对多重胁迫耐受性的需求、长期田间验证以及对非编码RNA功能的更深入了解，并提出了建议，以通过综合、可持续的策略为耐气候水稻品种的开发提供参考。
