Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Dec;54(6):484-516. doi: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
硒（Se）是一种必需的微量元素，以第 21 种氨基酸——硒代半胱氨酸（Sec）的形式存在于一系列特定的蛋白质中。硒缺乏与人类和动物的病理状况有关，在此过程中，Sec 掺入硒蛋白的量减少，同时硒蛋白的表达和催化活性也降低。向硒缺乏人群补充硒已显示出对健康有益，这表明硒在生理学中的重要性。一个有趣的范例可以部分解释硒的健康益处，这源于以下观察结果：依赖于硒蛋白的炎症调节和有效的炎症消退依赖于涉及一组生物活性脂质介质（前列腺素）的机制，这些介质协调了维持和恢复稳态免疫反应的协同作用。这种作用涉及各种免疫细胞与这些脂质介质的相互作用，其中硒蛋白的细胞氧化还原门控功能不仅有助于抑制炎症，还启动有效的积极的消退过程。在这里，我们总结了关于 Se/硒蛋白在调节这些生物活性脂质介质及其免疫调节作用中的多方面作用的最新文献。
