Akça Merve, Laeng Bruno, Godøy Rolf Inge
RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 10;10:2935. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02935. eCollection 2019.
Attending to goal-relevant information can leave us metaphorically "blind" or "deaf" to the next relevant information while searching among distracters. This temporal cost lasting for about a half a second on the human selective attention has been long explored using the attentional blink paradigm. Although there is evidence that certain visual stimuli relating to one's area of expertise can be less susceptible to attentional blink effects, it remains unexplored whether the dynamics of temporal selective attention vary with expertise and objects types in the auditory modality. Using the auditory version of the attentional blink paradigm, the present study investigates whether certain auditory objects relating to musical and perceptual expertise could have an impact on the transient costs of selective attention. In this study, expert cellists and novice participants were asked to first identify a target sound, and then to detect instrumental timbres of cello or organ, or human voice as a second target in a rapid auditory stream. The results showed moderate evidence against the attentional blink effect for voices independent of participants' musical expertise. Experts outperformed novices in their overall accuracy levels of target identification and detection, reflecting a clear benefit of musical expertise. Importantly, the musicianship advantage disappeared when the human voices served as the second target in the stream. The results are discussed in terms of stimulus salience, the advantage of voice processing, as well as perceptual and musical expertise in relation to attention and working memory performances.
在干扰项中进行搜索时，关注与目标相关的信息可能会让我们在比喻意义上对下一个相关信息“视而不见”或“充耳不闻”。长期以来，人们一直使用注意瞬脱范式来探究这种持续约半秒的时间成本对人类选择性注意的影响。尽管有证据表明，某些与个人专业领域相关的视觉刺激对注意瞬脱效应的敏感度较低，但在听觉模式下，时间选择性注意的动态变化是否会因专业知识和物体类型而异，仍有待探索。本研究采用注意瞬脱范式的听觉版本，调查某些与音乐和感知专业知识相关的听觉对象是否会对选择性注意的瞬时成本产生影响。在这项研究中，专业大提琴手和新手参与者首先要识别一个目标声音，然后在快速听觉流中检测大提琴或管风琴的乐器音色或人声作为第二个目标。结果表明，无论参与者的音乐专业知识如何，都有适度的证据表明人声不存在注意瞬脱效应。专家在目标识别和检测的总体准确率上优于新手，这反映了音乐专业知识的明显优势。重要的是，当人声作为流中的第二个目标时，音乐才能优势消失了。我们将从刺激显著性、语音处理优势以及与注意力和工作记忆表现相关的感知和音乐专业知识等方面对结果进行讨论。
