Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2020 Jan 31;134(2):315-330. doi: 10.1042/CS20190966.
Adipose tissue as the largest energy reservoir and endocrine organ is essential for maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis, but these metabolic functions decline with ageing and obesity. Adipose tissue senescence is one of the common features in obesity and ageing. Although cellular senescence is a defensive mechanism preventing tumorigenesis, its occurrence in adipose tissue causatively induces defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokines production and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition to these paracrine effects, adipose tissue senescence also triggers systemic inflammation and senescence as well as insulin resistance in the distal metabolic organs, resulting in Type 2 diabetes and other premature physiological declines. Multiple cell types including mature adipocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells and progenitor cells gradually senesce at different levels in different fat depots with ageing and obesity, highlighting the heterogeneity and complexity of adipose tissue senescence. In this review, we discuss the causes and consequences of adipose tissue senescence, and the major cell types responsible for adipose tissue senescence in ageing and obesity. In addition, we summarize the pharmacological approaches and lifestyle intervention targeting adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of obesity- and ageing-related metabolic diseases.
脂肪组织作为最大的能量储存库和内分泌器官，对于维持全身葡萄糖、脂质和能量的稳态至关重要，但这些代谢功能会随着年龄的增长和肥胖而下降。脂肪组织衰老（adipose tissue senescence）是肥胖和衰老的共同特征之一。虽然细胞衰老（cellular senescence）是一种防止肿瘤发生的防御机制，但它在脂肪组织中的发生会导致脂肪生成缺陷、炎症、异常脂肪细胞因子产生和胰岛素抵抗，从而导致脂肪组织功能障碍。除了这些旁分泌作用外，脂肪组织衰老还会引发远处代谢器官的系统性炎症和衰老以及胰岛素抵抗，导致 2 型糖尿病和其他过早的生理衰退。随着年龄的增长和肥胖，包括成熟脂肪细胞、免疫细胞、内皮细胞和祖细胞在内的多种细胞类型在不同的脂肪组织中以不同的水平逐渐衰老，突出了脂肪组织衰老的异质性和复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了脂肪组织衰老的原因和后果，以及衰老和肥胖中导致脂肪组织衰老的主要细胞类型。此外，我们总结了针对脂肪组织衰老的药理学方法和生活方式干预，以治疗肥胖和衰老相关的代谢疾病。
