Department of Dairy & Food Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy & Food Technology, Mehsana, India.
Department of Food Science & Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship & Management, Kundli, India.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 May;100(7):2828-2835. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10302. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Gums are complex carbohydrate molecules which have the ability to bind water and form gels at low concentration. These carbohydrates are often associated with proteins and minerals in their structure. Gums are of various types such as seed gums, exudate gums, microbial gums, mucilage gums, seaweeds gums, etc. Exudate gums are plant gums which ooze out from bark as a result of a protection mechanism upon injury. Exudate gums have been used by humans since ancient times for various applications due to their easy availability. The main characteristics which make them fit for use in various applications are viscosity, adhesive property, stabilization effect, emulsification action and surface-active property. Major applications of these gums are in food products, the paper, textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, oil-well drilling, etc. In the present paper, the chemistry, properties, processing and applications of commercially available exudate gums such as acacia gum or gum arabic, karaya gum, ghatti gum and tragacanth gum are discussed. Recent literature reveals that apart from the above mentioned applications, these gums also have nutritional properties which are being explored. Other gums cannot replace them because of their certain unique characteristics. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
胶是一种复杂的碳水化合物分子，在低浓度下具有结合水并形成凝胶的能力。这些碳水化合物在结构上通常与蛋白质和矿物质有关。胶有多种类型，如种子胶、渗出胶、微生物胶、黏液胶、海藻胶等。渗出胶是植物胶，当受到伤害时，它们会从树皮中渗出，形成一种保护机制。渗出胶由于其易于获得，自古以来就被人类用于各种用途。使它们适合各种应用的主要特性是粘度、粘性、稳定性、乳化作用和表面活性。这些胶的主要应用是在食品、造纸、纺织、化妆品和制药等行业，以及石油钻探等领域。在本文中，讨论了商业上可获得的渗出胶，如阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶和黄蓍胶的化学、性质、加工和应用。最近的文献表明，除了上述应用外，这些胶还具有正在探索的营养特性。由于其某些独特的特性，其他胶无法替代它们。 © 2020 英国化学学会。
