Protects the Directly Affected Organ as Well as Distant Organs Against I/R Injury by Modulating Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nitrosative Pathways in A Rat Model for Infra-Renal Aortic Occlusion.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of , a medicinal plant, on kidney and skeletal muscle injury induced by infra-renal abdominal aorta clamping for 2-hours (ischemia) and following removal of the clamp (reperfusion, 2-hours).

METHODS

Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): (I) animals given only saline (sham-control); (II) animals given extract for 10-days (300 mg/kg/day) (-treated sham); (III) animals subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); (IV) animals given extract and then subjected to I/R. Kidneys and lower extremity muscles were examined for GPx, CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α. Apoptosis and injury were evaluated by TUNEL and H&E staining, respectively.

RESULTS

I/R resulted in TUNEL positive cells, periarterial edema and glomerular capillary dilatation, decreased GPx activity, unchanged CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α in kidney. minimized renal remote reperfusion injury, and Group IV showed a lower degree of renal histopathology score when compared to the others. mitigated muscle I/R injury, decreased muscle hypertrophy, myofibril abnormalities and apoptosis. Muscle 3-NT and cytokine levels were increased by I/R, and inhibited iNOS and 3-NT both in sham-control and I/R groups. Muscle GPx unaffected by I/R or CAT was inhibited only in treated I/R group. Muscle iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β, TNF-α levels and CAT activity of -treated I/R rats were lower than those in sham-control or -treated sham.

CONCLUSIONS

can protect the directly affected organ as well as distant organs against I/R injury by modulating anti-inflammatory and anti-nitrosative pathways.