Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(14):1584-1613. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200128100023.
Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus communis, J. excelsa, J. foetidissima, J. polycarpos var. turcomanica, J. sabina, and Taxus baccata are conifers in Iran. These plants have a long reputation in different systems of traditional medicines for a variety of diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information about the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacology of these conifers. Furthermore this study comprises a bibliographical survey of major Islamic Traditional Medicine (ITM) books regarding different medical aspects of these species. A literature search was conducted on the applications of these conifers both in traditional and modern medicines by referencing traditional textbooks and scientific databases. Ethnobotanical literature review indicates that various parts of the plants including cones, berries, leaves, bark, wood, and resin have been used for a broad spectrum of applications. In Iran, C. sempervirens, J. sabina, J. communis, and T. baccata have been used traditionally for the treatment of urinary, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and integumentary systems-related problems. The phytochemical constituents of these plants can be divided into two main categories: volatile and non-volatile components, all dominated by terpenes. Considering the pharmacological and clinical evidence, while some of the traditional applications of these plants are supported by modern medicine, implying the value of the traditional and folklore knowledge for finding new lead compounds in drug discovery, some have remained unexamined showing the need for much more studies in this regard.
柏木、侧柏、圆柏、杜松、臭柏、新疆圆柏、桧柏和欧洲红豆杉是伊朗的一些针叶树植物。这些植物在不同的传统医学体系中因其对多种疾病的疗效而享有盛誉。本综述旨在提供关于这些针叶树植物的民族药理学用途、化学组成和药理学的全面和最新信息。此外，本研究还对主要的伊斯兰传统医学（ITM）书籍进行了文献调查，涉及这些物种的不同医学方面。通过参考传统教科书和科学数据库，对这些针叶树植物在传统和现代医学中的应用进行了文献检索。民族植物学文献综述表明，这些植物的各种部位，包括球果、浆果、叶子、树皮、木材和树脂，已被广泛应用于各种用途。在伊朗，柏木、桧柏、圆柏和欧洲红豆杉传统上用于治疗泌尿系统、消化系统、神经系统、呼吸系统和皮肤系统相关问题。这些植物的植物化学成分可分为两类：挥发性和非挥发性成分，均以萜类为主。考虑到药理学和临床证据，虽然这些植物的一些传统应用得到了现代医学的支持，这表明传统和民间知识在发现新药方面具有价值，但也有一些应用仍未得到检验，这表明在这方面需要进行更多的研究。
