Mukhra Richa, Krishan Kewal, Nirenberg Michael S, Ansert Elizabeth, Kanchan Tanuj
Department of Anthropology (UGC Centre of Advanced Study), Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Anthropology (UGC Centre of Advanced Study), Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, India.
Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Mar;308:110169. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110169. Epub 2020 Jan 25.
Footprints recovered from the scene of a crime may be made while the perpetrator is standing, termed static, or walking, termed dynamic. Numerous studies on the medical and forensic aspects of static and dynamic footprints have been done and determining whether a footprint found at a crime scene is static or dynamic may have important forensic implications. Yet, little research has focused on the similarities or differences between static and dynamic footprints in the forensic context. The present study compared static and dynamic footprint two-dimensional variables to determine if statistically significant differences existed between them and if one can be estimated from the other. Footprints were taken from a sample of randomly selected 461 Jatt Sikh adults; major north Indian population. A total of 230 males and 231 females aged between 19 and 32 years were included in the study. Static and dynamic footprints were obtained from the participants using standard methodology. Seven linear footprint measurements and three footprint indices were calculated from each footprint. The dynamic footprint variables showed higher magnitudes than the static variables, and the differences were statistically significant for the length and width measurements. Furthermore, all measurements on the static and dynamic parameters exhibited statistically significant sexual dimorphism and bilateral differences. An attempt was made to estimate the static footprint dimensions from the dynamic footprint dimensions using the regression models to check the extent of differences between the two to help the investigators in estimating dimensions of one from another.
从犯罪现场提取的足迹可能是犯罪者站立时留下的，称为静态足迹，也可能是行走时留下的，称为动态足迹。关于静态和动态足迹的医学和法医方面已经进行了大量研究，确定犯罪现场发现的足迹是静态还是动态可能具有重要的法医意义。然而，在法医背景下，很少有研究关注静态和动态足迹之间的异同。本研究比较了静态和动态足迹的二维变量，以确定它们之间是否存在统计学上的显著差异，以及是否可以从一个变量估计另一个变量。足迹取自随机选择的461名贾特锡克成年男性样本，他们来自印度北部的主要人群。共有230名男性和231名女性参与了这项研究，年龄在19岁至32岁之间。使用标准方法从参与者那里获取静态和动态足迹。从每个足迹中计算出七个线性足迹测量值和三个足迹指数。动态足迹变量的值高于静态变量的值，长度和宽度测量值的差异具有统计学意义。此外，静态和动态参数的所有测量值都表现出统计学上显著的性别差异和双侧差异。尝试使用回归模型从动态足迹尺寸估计静态足迹尺寸，以检查两者之间的差异程度，帮助调查人员从另一个尺寸估计一个尺寸。
