Arrizabalaga-López María, Rada-Fernández de Jáuregui Diego, Portillo María Del Puy, Mauleón Jose Ramón, Martínez Olaia, Etaio Iñaki, Tormo-Santamaría María, Bernabeu-Maestre Josep, Rodríguez Víctor Manuel
Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Dec;59(8):3517-3526. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02185-5. Epub 2020 Feb 1.
The main objective of the PROFRUVE study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a TPB-based intervention program at increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in schoolchildren aged 7-10.
Eight eligible classrooms were randomly assigned to the intervention (classrooms n = 4; children n = 90) or control group (classrooms n = 4; children n = 95). The intervention group received 14 sessions of 1 h during an academic year (from October to June) but the control group did not. Sessions were based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and focused on modifying FV intake. FV consumption was evaluated before, shortly after and 1 year after intervention ended using validated 7-day food records.
FV intake increased significantly in the intervention group (+ 0.45 servings/day; 95% CI 0.17-0.74; p = 0.001) but not in the control group (+ 0.01 servings/day; 95% CI -0.20-0.22; p = 0.409) shortly after the intervention. Long-term measurement showed that 1 year after intervention finished, the intervention group maintained the effect (+ 0.52 servings/day from baseline; 95% CI 0.22-0.78; p = 0.003). Linear mixed model also showed that nested groups by classrooms differ from intervention and control groups regarding FV intake change (p = 0.002). Multiple linear regression showed that receiving the intervention (B = 0.345, p = 0.045) and FV baseline intake (B = - 0.383, p = 0.000) were associated with FV intake change after adjusting the model by age, gender and family social economic status (SES) (R = 0.196).
The intervention program based on TPB seemed to be moderately effective in increasing FV intake and successful in maintaining the effect of the reached increase. Moreover, baseline FV intake determined the effect size of the intervention.
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03400891. Data registered 17/01/2018.
PROFRUVE研究的主要目的是评估一项基于计划行为理论（TPB）的干预项目在增加7至10岁学童水果和蔬菜（FV）摄入量方面的有效性。
将八个符合条件的班级随机分为干预组（班级n = 4；儿童n = 90）或对照组（班级n = 4；儿童n = 95）。干预组在一学年（从10月至6月）接受14节时长为1小时的课程，而对照组则不接受。课程基于计划行为理论（TPB），重点是改变FV摄入量。在干预开始前、结束后不久以及结束后1年，使用经过验证的7天食物记录来评估FV摄入量。
干预后不久，干预组的FV摄入量显著增加（+0.45份/天；95%可信区间0.17 - 0.74；p = 0.001），而对照组没有增加（+0.01份/天；95%可信区间 - 0.20 - 0.22；p = 0.409）。长期测量显示，干预结束1年后，干预组保持了这种效果（相对于基线增加+0.52份/天；95%可信区间0.22 - 0.78；p = 0.003）。线性混合模型还显示，按班级嵌套的组在FV摄入量变化方面与干预组和对照组不同（p = 0.002）。多元线性回归显示，在按年龄、性别和家庭社会经济地位（SES）调整模型后，接受干预（B = 0.345，p = 0.045）和FV基线摄入量（B = - 0.383，p = 0.000）与FV摄入量变化相关（R = 0.196）。
基于TPB的干预项目在增加FV摄入量方面似乎有中度效果，并且成功维持了所达到的增加效果。此外，FV基线摄入量决定了干预的效应大小。
本研究在ClinicalTrials.gov注册。标识符：NCT03400891。数据于2018年1月17日注册。
