通过对罗马尼亚在校儿童饮食习惯的纵向研究评估：COVID-19 大流行的影响，以及一项基于学校的促进健康营养的教育计划的影响。

Assessing through a longitudinal study of dietary habits among Romanian school children: effects of COVID-19 pandemic as well as of a school based educational program for promotion of healthy nutrition.

机构信息

Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Research Center in Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion and Sustainable Development, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

出版信息

Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec;63(8):3093-3111. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03492-x. Epub 2024 Sep 17.

DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03492-x

PMID:39287641

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11519112/

Abstract

PURPOSE

The outbreak of COVID-19 has forced implementation of safety measures, leading to changes in people's lives. This study investigated several dietary habits among Romanian children before and during the pandemic. Also, it assessed the effectiveness of an educational program promoting healthy diet and evaluated factors influencing certain eating habits.

METHODS

A longitudinal study was conducted in schools. Students were assigned to Control and Intervention groups. Data were collected at baseline (T1) (October -November 2019, 880 children) and post-intervention (T2) (December 2020-February 2021, 484 students). 350 children participated in both assessments.

RESULTS

Baseline measurements revealed inadequate consumptions of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and increased intake of soft drinks and sweets. At follow-up, the Intervention showed significant improvements on average intake of fruits and vegetables and in children eating ≥ 5 servings/day, compared to its baseline. Regarding self-perceptions on dietary habits during confinement, children from both groups reported healthier behaviors, with a significant decrease of comfort food. Compared to the Control group, Intervention increased its average intake of fruits and vegetables, consumed more ≥ 5 portions/day, reduced the number ≥ 2 cups/day of carbonated beverages and ≥ 3 portions/day of sweets. Age, gender, weight management, body mass index were associated with dietary habits at T1. Age, gender, Intervention group, weight management influenced eating patterns at T2. Eating behaviors at T1 influenced dietary habits at T2.

CONCLUSION

Our program demonstrated positive changes in students' dietary habits, despite challenges of COVID-19. Results highlight the role of health education and emphasize the importance of integrating such programs consistently in schools.

摘要

目的

COVID-19 的爆发迫使人们采取安全措施，导致人们的生活发生变化。本研究调查了罗马尼亚儿童在大流行前后的几种饮食习惯。同时，评估了促进健康饮食的教育计划的效果，并分析了影响某些饮食习惯的因素。

方法

在学校进行了一项纵向研究。学生被分配到对照组和干预组。在基线（T1）（2019 年 10 月至 11 月，880 名儿童）和干预后（T2）（2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 2 月，484 名学生）收集数据。共有 350 名儿童参与了两次评估。

结果

基线测量显示，水果、蔬菜、乳制品的摄入量不足，而软饮料和甜食的摄入量增加。在随访中，与基线相比，干预组在水果和蔬菜的平均摄入量以及每天食用≥5 份的儿童比例上均有显著改善。在隔离期间对饮食习惯的自我认知方面，两组儿童都报告了更健康的行为，舒适食品的摄入量显著减少。与对照组相比，干预组增加了水果和蔬菜的平均摄入量，每天食用≥5 份的比例增加，每天饮用≥2 杯碳酸饮料和≥3 份甜食的比例减少。T1 时，年龄、性别、体重管理、体重指数与饮食习惯相关。T2 时，年龄、性别、干预组、体重管理影响饮食模式。T1 时的饮食行为影响 T2 时的饮食习惯。