Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Spain.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Spain.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 Nov 13;75(12):2379-2386. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa031.
Aging is associated with a progressive difficulty to maintain ion regulation, which might impair the capacity for muscle contraction. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between 5-year changes in dietary intake of sodium and potassium and changes in physical performance among older adults.
We performed a prospective study with 868 participants from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Diet was measured with a validated diet history and physical performance was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), both in 2012 and 2017. Analyses were performed with linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and morbidity, using changes in the intake of sodium and potassium and changes in the sodium/potassium ratio during follow-up as independent variables, and the continuous change in the SPPB score as the dependent variable.
Over 5 years of follow-up, a 1 SD increase in sodium intake (ie, 0.73 g/d) was associated with a 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.01) points reduction in the SPPB score, while a 1 SD increase in potassium intake (ie, 0.70 g/d) was associated with a 0.19 (0.05-0.34) points increment in the score. In addition, a 1 SD increase in the sodium-to-potassium ratio (ie, 0.30) was associated with worse SPPB (-0.58 [-0.95 to -0.21]). Participants who adhered to dietary recommendations for minerals at baseline but became noncompliant during follow-up decreased their result in the SPPB.
An increase of dietary sodium intake, a decrease of potassium intake and the resulting increment in the sodium-to-potassium ratio were prospectively associated with worse physical performance in older adults.
衰老与维持离子调节的能力逐渐下降有关，这可能会损害肌肉收缩能力。因此，本研究旨在探讨老年人饮食中钠和钾的 5 年摄入量变化与身体机能变化之间的关系。
我们对 Seniors-ENRICA 队列中的 868 名参与者进行了一项前瞻性研究。饮食通过验证的饮食史进行测量，身体机能通过短体力量表（SPPB）进行测量，这两项测量都在 2012 年和 2017 年进行。分析采用线性回归模型，调整了社会人口统计学变量、生活方式和发病情况，使用随访期间钠和钾的摄入量变化以及钠/钾比值的变化作为自变量，以 SPPB 评分的连续变化作为因变量。
在 5 年的随访期间，钠摄入量增加 1 个标准差（即 0.73 g/d）与 SPPB 评分降低 0.13 分（95%置信区间：0.26-0.01）相关，而钾摄入量增加 1 个标准差（即 0.70 g/d）与评分增加 0.19 分（0.05-0.34）相关。此外，钠/钾比值增加 1 个标准差（即 0.30）与 SPPB 评分恶化相关（-0.58 [-0.95 至 -0.21]）。基线时遵守矿物质饮食建议但在随访期间变得不遵守的参与者，其 SPPB 评分下降。
饮食中钠摄入量增加、钾摄入量减少以及由此导致的钠/钾比值增加与老年人身体机能下降呈前瞻性相关。
