School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.
Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
J Sports Sci. 2020 Mar;38(6):658-668. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1723375. Epub 2020 Feb 2.
Visual exploratory action, in which football players turn their head to perceive their environment, improves prospective performance with the ball during match-play. This scanning action, however, is relevant for players throughout the entire match, as the information perceived through visual exploration is needed to guide movement around the pitch during both offensive and defensive play. This study aimed to understand how a player's on-pitch position, playing role and phase of play influenced the visual exploratory head movements of players during 11v11 match-play. Twenty-two competitive-elite youth footballers (M = 16.25 years) played a total of 1,623 minutes (M = 73.8). Inertial measurement units, global positioning system units and notational analysis were used to quantify relevant variables. Analyses revealed that players explored more extensively when they were in possession of the ball, and less extensively during transition phases, as compared to team ball-possession and opposition ball-possession phases of play. Players explored most extensively when in the back third of the pitch, and least when they were in the middle third of the pitch. Playing role, pitch position and phase of play should be considered as constraints on visual exploratory actions when developing training situations aimed at improving the scanning actions of players.
视觉探索动作，即足球运动员转头感知周围环境，可提高比赛中带球的预判表现。然而，这种扫视动作对于整个比赛中的球员都很重要，因为通过视觉探索获得的信息需要指导球员在进攻和防守时在球场上的移动。本研究旨在了解球员在 11 对 11 比赛中的场上位置、场上角色和比赛阶段如何影响球员的视觉探索性头部动作。22 名竞技青年足球运动员（M=16.25 岁）总共踢了 1623 分钟（M=73.8）。使用惯性测量单元、全球定位系统单元和记录分析来量化相关变量。分析表明，与球队控球和对方控球阶段相比，球员在控球时会更广泛地探索，而在过渡阶段则会更不广泛地探索。球员在球场后三分之一区域探索得最广泛，而在球场中三分之一区域探索得最少。在制定旨在提高球员扫视动作的训练方案时，应考虑到场上角色、场上位置和比赛阶段等因素对视觉探索动作的限制。
