Olthof Sigrid B H, Frencken Wouter G P, Lemmink Koen A P M
a Center for Human Movement Sciences , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.
b Football Club Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul;36(14):1557-1563. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1403412. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Small-sided games (SSGs) are used in training sessions to prepare for full-sized matches. For the same number of players, smaller pitch sizes result in decreased physical performance and shorter interpersonal distances. A relative pitch area derived from the full-sized match results in larger pitch sizes and this may increase the fit between SSGs and full-sized matches. This study aimed to investigate SSGs with a traditional small pitch and a match-derived relative pitch area in youth elite soccer players. Four age categories (under-13, under-15, under-17 and under-19) played 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers on a small (40x30m, 120m relative pitch area) and large pitch (68x47m, 320m relative pitch area). The number of games per age category ranged 15-30. Positional data (LPM-system) were collected to determine physical (total distance covered, high intensity distance and number of sprints) and team tactical (inter-team distance, LPW-ratio, surface area, stretch indices, goalkeeper-defender distance) performance measures and tactical variability. On a large pitch, physical performance significantly increased, inter-team and intra-team distances were significantly larger and tactical variability of intra-team distance measures significantly increased. The match-derived relative pitch area is an important training manipulation and leads to changes in physical and tactical performance 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers.
小型比赛（SSGs）用于训练课程，为正式比赛做准备。对于相同数量的球员，较小的场地尺寸会导致体能表现下降和人际距离缩短。从正式比赛中得出的相对场地面积会使场地尺寸变大，这可能会增加小型比赛与正式比赛之间的契合度。本研究旨在调查青年精英足球运动员在传统小场地和源自比赛的相对场地面积上进行的小型比赛。四个年龄组（13岁以下、15岁以下、17岁以下和19岁以下）在小场地（40x30米，相对场地面积120平方米）和大场地（68x47米，相对场地面积320平方米）上进行4对4加守门员的比赛。每个年龄组的比赛场次在15至30场之间。收集位置数据（LPM系统）以确定体能（总跑动距离、高强度距离和冲刺次数）和团队战术（队间距离、LPW比率、表面积、伸展指数、守门员与后卫距离）表现指标以及战术变异性。在大场地上，体能表现显著提高，队间和队内距离显著增大，队内距离测量的战术变异性显著增加。源自比赛的相对场地面积是一项重要的训练调整因素，会导致4对4加守门员的体能和战术表现发生变化。
