Olympique Lyonnais FC (Soccer), Lyon, France.
Hum Mov Sci. 2012 Aug;31(4):957-69. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.08.013. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
The aim of this investigation was to compare the effects of common rule changes on technical and physical demands for elite soccer players in five playing positions during various 4-min small-sided games (SSGs) in comparison to 11-a-side matches. Forty international players classified into five positional roles participated in the study (25.3±2.4 years, 182.4±2.3 cm, 77.3±4.1 kg; M±SD). Players completed three different conditioned small-sided 4 vs. 4 games (1 ball touch=1T, 2 ball touches=2T and Free Play=FP) as well as two friendly matches. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate ([La]), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) as well as physical and technical performance were analyzed. Compared to match-play, total distance covered per minute of play, high-intensity running activities (sprinting and high-intensity runs), total numbers of duels and lost ball possessions were significantly greater within SSGs for all playing positions (p<.05). In contrast, [La], percentage of successful passes and number of ball possessions were lower (p<.05) within SSGs, particularly with 1T and 2T rules, in comparison with match-play. HR was higher in SSGs compared to match-play for all playing positions, and RPE values were lower (p<.05) during the FP SSG for defensive midfielders, wide midfielders and forwards. In conclusion, this study revealed that 4 vs. 4 SSGs played with 1 or 2 ball touches increased the high-intensity running and the difficulty to perform technical actions, being more specific to match demands. Subsequently, it is of importance for coaches to understand the different physiological demands imposed upon players by varying the rules of SSGs and to understand the differences between positional roles.
本研究旨在比较在各种 4 对 4 小场比赛（SSG）和 11 对 11 比赛中，常见规则变化对 5 个场上位置的精英足球运动员的技术和体能需求的影响。40 名国际球员按位置分类（25.3±2.4 岁，182.4±2.3cm，77.3±4.1kg；M±SD），参与了这项研究。球员完成了三种不同条件的 4 对 4 小场比赛（1 触球=1T，2 触球=2T 和自由比赛=FP）以及两场友谊赛。分析了心率（HR）、血乳酸（[La]）、感知用力评分（RPE）以及身体和技术表现。与比赛相比，所有位置的 SSG 中每分钟的总跑动距离、高强度跑动活动（冲刺和高强度跑动）、总决斗次数和失球次数都显著增加（p<.05）。相比之下，SSG 中的[La]、成功传球百分比和球权数较低（p<.05），特别是在 1T 和 2T 规则下，与比赛相比。与比赛相比，所有位置的 SSG 中的 HR 更高，防守型中场、边锋和前锋的 FP SSG 中的 RPE 值更低（p<.05）。综上所述，本研究表明，在 4 对 4 的 SSG 中，每队使用 1 个或 2 个触球增加了高强度跑动和完成技术动作的难度，更符合比赛的要求。因此，教练了解不同规则下 SSG 对球员施加的不同生理需求以及了解不同位置的差异是很重要的。
