Nazareth Ana Clara de Paula, Escobar Vinícius Spencer, DeCastro Thiago Gomes
Laboratory of Experimental Phenomenology and Cognition, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 17;10:3018. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03018. eCollection 2019.
Evidence related to temporal control for stimuli presentation of whole-body image is generally associated with attentional bias to ideal thin bodies. Few studies present evidence concerning whole-body stimuli recognition during fast visual exposure intervals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reaction times for the judgment of different sized body silhouettes presented at 17 ms in a non-clinical sample. Thirty-one participants were divided in attitudinal and perceptual body image groups based on Figure Rating Scale output and performed two experiments. First experiment assessed perception and the clarity of visual experience for human and non-human body stimuli at 17 ms. A general accuracy of 69.17% was registered with no differences between perceptual and attitudinal body image groups. These results indicated that the way participants perceive their own bodies does not influence the recognition of general visual silhouette stimuli. It was also observed that the clarity of visual experience is positively correlated to stimuli recognition accuracy. In the second experiment participants had to respond in a seven-point Likert scale if the presented image of body silhouettes were bigger, equal or thinner than their own bodies. Trials were divided in two blocks based on spatial rotation, half at 0° and half at 180°. General accuracy for body silhouettes recognition was 41.1%. Greater accuracy recognition for regular positioned stimuli was observed. Attitudinal dimension of body image was not a predictor of differential performance whereas perceptual body image groups recorded contrasting recognition performance. Distorted body image participants presented higher accuracy than undistorted body image participants, with greater accuracy to thinner silhouette figures. Women had significantly higher overall accuracy than men considering both experimental blocks. When comparing the cumulative accuracy curves across experimental trials, an exposure effect was registered only for the first experiment. Results showed that body silhouette stimuli were judged in a fast exposure interval with differential accuracy rates only for perceptual body image groups. Such evidence signals that conscious body image can be associated to implicit detection of visual human body stimuli. Future studies should further test how traditional explicit body image outputs perform within experimental approaches.
与全身图像刺激呈现的时间控制相关的证据通常与对理想瘦体型的注意偏向有关。很少有研究提供关于快速视觉暴露间隔期间全身刺激识别的证据。本研究的目的是评估在非临床样本中以17毫秒呈现的不同大小身体轮廓判断的准确性和反应时间。根据体型评定量表的结果，31名参与者被分为态度性和感知性身体意象组，并进行了两项实验。第一个实验评估了在17毫秒时对人体和非人体刺激的感知以及视觉体验的清晰度。总体准确率为69.17%，感知性和态度性身体意象组之间没有差异。这些结果表明，参与者感知自己身体的方式不会影响对一般视觉轮廓刺激的识别。还观察到视觉体验的清晰度与刺激识别准确性呈正相关。在第二个实验中，如果呈现的身体轮廓图像比他们自己的身体更大、相等或更瘦，参与者必须用七点李克特量表进行回应。试验根据空间旋转分为两个组块，一半在0°，一半在180°。身体轮廓识别的总体准确率为41.1%。观察到对常规定位刺激的识别准确率更高。身体意象的态度维度不是差异表现的预测因素，而感知性身体意象组记录了对比性的识别表现。身体意象扭曲的参与者比身体意象未扭曲的参与者表现出更高的准确率，对更瘦的轮廓图形准确率更高。考虑到两个实验组块，女性的总体准确率显著高于男性。在比较各实验试验的累积准确率曲线时，仅在第一个实验中发现了暴露效应。结果表明，在快速暴露间隔内对身体轮廓刺激的判断仅在感知性身体意象组中有不同的准确率。这些证据表明，有意识的身体意象可能与对视觉人体刺激的隐性检测有关。未来的研究应该进一步测试传统的显性身体意象输出在实验方法中的表现。
