Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jan 17;10:3041. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03041. eCollection 2019.
Carotenoids are biologically active pigments that are well-known to enhance the defense and immunity of the vertebrate system. However, in invertebrates, the role of carotenoids in immunity is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to review the scientific evidence for the role of carotenoids in invertebrate immunization. From the analysis of published literatures and recent studies from our laboratory, it is obvious that carotenoids are involved in invertebrate immunity in two ways. On the one hand, carotenoids can act as antioxidant enzymes to remove singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, thereby reducing SOD activity and reducing the cost of immunity. In some organisms, carotenoids have been shown to promote SOD activity by up-regulating the expression of the gene. Carotenoids, on the other hand, play a role in the expression and regulation of many genes involved in invertebrate immunity, including thioredoxins (TRX), peptidoglycan recognition receptor proteins (PGRPs), ferritins, prophenoloxidase (ProPO), vitellogenin (Vg), toll-like receptor (TLRs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and CuZnSOD gene. The information in this review is very useful for updating our understanding of the progress of carotenoid research in invertebrate immunology and to help identify topics for future topics.
类胡萝卜素是具有生物活性的色素，众所周知，它们可以增强脊椎动物系统的防御和免疫力。然而，在无脊椎动物中，类胡萝卜素在免疫中的作用尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在综述类胡萝卜素在无脊椎动物免疫中的作用的科学证据。从已发表的文献和我们实验室的最新研究分析中可以明显看出，类胡萝卜素通过两种方式参与无脊椎动物的免疫。一方面，类胡萝卜素可以作为抗氧化酶来清除单线态氧、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基，从而降低 SOD 活性并降低免疫成本。在一些生物体中，类胡萝卜素已被证明通过上调基因的表达来促进 SOD 活性。另一方面，类胡萝卜素在无脊椎动物免疫中涉及的许多基因的表达和调节中发挥作用，包括硫氧还蛋白 (TRX)、肽聚糖识别蛋白 (PGRPs)、铁蛋白、原酚氧化酶 (ProPO)、卵黄蛋白原 (Vg)、toll 样受体 (TLRs)、热休克蛋白 (HSPs) 和 CuZnSOD 基因。本综述中的信息对于更新我们对无脊椎动物免疫学中类胡萝卜素研究进展的理解非常有用，并有助于确定未来研究的主题。
