Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS.
Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021 Apr 1;43(3):e438-e444. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001735.
Pediatric stroke is an event caused by disturbance of cerebral circulation that occurs in individuals between 28 days and 18 years of age. Although an uncommon event, pediatric stroke still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Unlike adults, causes of pediatric stroke are various and include vascular, infectious, hematologic, neoplastic, and toxic etiologies. Clinical presentation of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhages in older children is similar to adults, however in neonates and infants signs and symptoms can be more subtle, especially with smaller hemorrhages. Management of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage consists of stabilizing the patient, management of the hemorrhage itself, and reduction of the rebleeding risk. Even so, when child reaches a medical care, morbidity and mortality rates are still high. We described a case series of pediatric patients with intracerebral nontraumatic hemorrhagic stroke from different etiologies. Although increasingly recognized, such situations are still poorly described in children and our report offers a good overview on this topic.
小儿脑卒中是指发生于 28 天至 18 岁个体的由脑循环紊乱引起的事件。尽管其较为少见，但仍具有较高的发病率和死亡率。与成人不同，小儿脑卒中的病因多种多样，包括血管性、感染性、血液学、肿瘤性和中毒性病因。较大儿童的非创伤性颅内出血的临床表现与成人相似，然而在新生儿和婴儿中，体征和症状可能更为隐匿，尤其是出血量较少时。非创伤性颅内出血的治疗包括稳定患者、控制出血本身以及降低再出血风险。即便如此，当患儿到达医疗机构时，其发病率和死亡率仍然较高。我们描述了一组由不同病因引起的小儿非创伤性颅内出血性脑卒中的病例系列。尽管此类情况越来越受到重视，但在儿童中仍描述甚少，我们的报告为此提供了一个很好的概述。
