School of Demography, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Int J Epidemiol. 2020 Oct 1;49(5):1712-1718. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz276.
Life expectancy is most commonly measured for a period (corresponding to mortality within a given year) or for a specific birth cohort. Although widely used, period and cohort life expectancy have limitations as their time-trends often show disparities and can mask the historical mortality experience of all cohorts present at a given time. The truncated cross-sectional average length of life, or TCAL, is a period measure including all available cohort mortality information, irrespective of whether all cohort members have died. It is particularly useful for comparing cohort mortality between populations. This study extends TCAL by disentangling causes of death contributions. The strength of the approach is that it allows identification of mortality differences in cohorts with members still alive, as well as identification of which ages and causes of death contribute to mortality differentials between populations. Application of the method to Japan shows that over the period 1950-2014 a major contributor to TCAL differences with other high-longevity countries was its lower cardiovascular disease mortality.
预期寿命通常是针对一个时期（对应于特定年份内的死亡率）或特定出生队列来衡量的。尽管被广泛使用，但期间和队列预期寿命有其局限性，因为它们的时间趋势往往存在差异，并且可能掩盖所有同时存在的队列的历史死亡率。截断的横截面平均寿命（TCAL）是一种期间衡量指标，包括所有可用的队列死亡率信息，无论所有队列成员是否已经死亡。它对于比较不同人群的队列死亡率特别有用。本研究通过分解死亡原因的贡献来扩展 TCAL。该方法的优势在于它允许识别仍有成员存活的队列中的死亡率差异，以及识别哪些年龄和死亡原因导致不同人群之间的死亡率差异。该方法在日本的应用表明，在 1950 年至 2014 年期间，与其他长寿国家相比，TCAL 差异的一个主要原因是其心血管疾病死亡率较低。
