Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile.
Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado. Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 28;17(3):797. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030797.
In childhood, fitness level is considered an important indicator of health, while gross motor skills are the basis of future motor competence. So far, no reference values have been found for the Chilean population. Therefore, this study aims to provide fitness level and gross motor skill reference values by gender and age of Chilean children aged 4‒6 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that included 728 children between 4 and 6 years old from the La Araucanía region of Chile. To assess the fitness level, the 20-m shuttle run test, standing long jump, handgrip dynamometry, 4x10m shuttle run, and Sit and Reach tests were used. Gross motor skills were assessed by five tests including aiming and catching and balance motor tasks. For fitness level, boys have better values in the long jump and dynamometry test, while girls have better values in flexibility. For estimated maximum volume of oxygen, at 5 years old there are significant differences in favour of boys, while at 6 years old in favour of girls. No statistically significant differences in speed/agility by gender were found. For gross motor skills, boys obtain higher values for catching and aiming tests, and girls for balance. The reference values for fitness level and gross motor skills shown in this study could aid physical education and health professionals in identifying children with low reference values, as well as in establishing objectives that will help to improve their health.
在儿童时期，体能水平被认为是健康的重要指标，而粗大运动技能是未来运动能力的基础。到目前为止，还没有为智利人口找到参考值。因此，本研究旨在为 4-6 岁智利儿童提供基于性别和年龄的体能水平和粗大运动技能参考值。本研究进行了一项横断面分析，纳入了来自智利拉阿劳卡尼亚地区的 728 名 4 至 6 岁儿童。为了评估体能水平，使用了 20 米往返跑测试、立定跳远、握力测试、4x10 米往返跑和坐立前伸测试。粗大运动技能通过包括瞄准和接球以及平衡运动任务在内的五项测试进行评估。在体能水平方面，男孩在跳远和握力测试中表现出更好的数值，而女孩在柔韧性方面表现出更好的数值。在估计最大摄氧量方面，5 岁时男孩有显著优势，而 6 岁时女孩有显著优势。在速度/敏捷性方面，性别之间没有统计学上的显著差异。在粗大运动技能方面，男孩在接球和瞄准测试中获得更高的分数，而女孩在平衡方面得分更高。本研究显示的体能水平和粗大运动技能参考值可以帮助体育教育和健康专业人员识别出参考值较低的儿童，并制定有助于改善其健康的目标。
