Department of Psychology, McGill University.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2020 Mar;15(2):216-230. doi: 10.1177/1745691619885840. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Moral psychology uses tightly controlled scenarios in which the identities of the characters are either unspecified or vague. Studies with raceless, genderless strangers help to highlight the important structural elements of moral acts (e.g., intention, causation, harm) but may not generalize to real-world judgments. As researchers have long shown, social judgments hinge on the identities (e.g., race, gender, age, religion, group affiliation) of both target and perceiver. Asking whether people generally condemn "shooting someone" is very different from asking whether liberals as opposed to conservatives condemn "a White police officer shooting a Black suspect." We argue for the importance of incorporating identity into moral psychology. We briefly outline the central role of identity in social judgments before reviewing current theories in moral psychology. We then advocate an expanded person-centered morality-synthesizing moral psychology with social cognition-to better capture everyday moral judgments.
道德心理学使用严格控制的场景，其中角色的身份要么不明确，要么模糊。针对无种族、无性别陌生人的研究有助于突出道德行为的重要结构要素（例如意图、因果关系、伤害），但可能无法推广到现实世界的判断。正如研究人员长期以来所表明的那样，社会判断取决于目标和感知者的身份（例如种族、性别、年龄、宗教、群体归属）。询问人们是否普遍谴责“射击某人”与询问自由派人士是否比保守派人士更谴责“白人警察射击黑人嫌疑人”有很大的不同。我们主张将身份纳入道德心理学的重要性。我们简要概述了身份在社会判断中的核心作用，然后回顾了道德心理学中的现有理论。然后，我们提倡一种扩展的以人为本的道德——将道德心理学与社会认知相结合，以更好地捕捉日常道德判断。
