Oshlag Benjamin, Ray Tracy, Boswell Benjamin
Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, First Ave at 16th St, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Duke Sports Medicine, Duke University, 3475 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Prim Care. 2020 Mar;47(1):165-176. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2019.10.009. Epub 2019 Oct 16.
Neck injuries are relatively uncommon but have the potential to cause serious and permanent disability. In athletes, injuries are most common in contact sports, and occur with direct axial loading with a forward-flexed neck. Soft tissue and peripheral nerve injuries are typically minor and self-limiting, with excellent recovery potential and return to activities based on symptoms. Concern for devastating spinal cord injuries has led to routine immobilization using spine boards and hard cervical collars. This approach may provide more harm than benefit when applied universally, and a more commonsense protocol can be used to better address potential neck injuries.
颈部损伤相对少见,但有可能导致严重的永久性残疾。在运动员中,损伤在接触性运动中最为常见,发生于颈部前屈时的直接轴向负荷。软组织和周围神经损伤通常较轻且为自限性,具有极佳的恢复潜力,并可根据症状恢复活动。对毁灭性脊髓损伤的担忧导致常规使用脊柱板和硬颈托进行固定。这种方法普遍应用时可能弊大于利,可采用更符合常识的方案来更好地处理潜在的颈部损伤。