Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, Province Jiangsu, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Mar;98:574-584. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.062. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Along with rapid offshore and onshore wind power development in modern society, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in the habits of aquatic organisms. However, the biological effects of ELF-EMF on aquatic organisms are almost sparse. In this study, Onchidium struma without shell was chosen to aim whether ELF-EMF can elicit immune response of mollusk based on immune-related enzyme activities and gene expression through high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Three experimental groups, i.e. ELF-EMF unexposed control group (C), ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) exposed E1 group, and ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 500 μT) exposed E2 group, were set, and coelomocytes were collected to analyze. The results showed that total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density in E1 group increased significantly compared to groups C and E2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on amoebocyte and chromatocyte density among groups C, E1 and E2. ELF-EMF exposure could significantly increase immune-related enzyme activities in coelomic fluid of O. struma, including acidic phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, antioxidative capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase (P < 0.05). A total of 54.32 Mb and 55.27 Mb raw reads with average length of 1520 bp were obtained from coelomocytes of O. struma in unexposed and exposed groups, respectively. There were 341 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) between unexposed and exposed groups, including 209 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated unigenes. All the DGEs were allocated to 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and five pathways were associated with immune response, including TLR/TNF/NOD-like receptor/MAPK/Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways. Altogether, short-term (to one week) exposure of O. struma to lower luxy density ELF-EMF (<500 μT) could elicit the immune response, and antioxidant system is recommended as indicators of immunological effects. Hopefully, this study will further provide insights into exploring biomarker for evaluation of the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on aquatic organisms regarding to field density, frequency and exposure duration, and provide good guidance for exploitation and utilization of renewable energy.
随着现代社会海上和陆上风力发电的快速发展，水生生物的生活环境中广泛产生极低频电磁场（ELF-EMF）。然而，ELF-EMF 对水生生物的生物学效应几乎很少被研究。在这项研究中，选择无壳海蜗牛（Onchidium struma）作为研究对象，通过高通量转录组测序，研究 ELF-EMF 是否可以基于免疫相关酶活性和基因表达引发软体动物的免疫反应。共设置了 3 个实验组，即未暴露于 ELF-EMF 的对照组（C）、暴露于 ELF-EMF（50 Hz，100 μT）的 E1 组和暴露于 ELF-EMF（50 Hz，500 μT）的 E2 组，并收集体腔细胞进行分析。结果表明，与 C 组和 E2 组相比，E1 组的总体腔细胞和球形细胞密度显著增加（P<0.05）。C、E1 和 E2 组之间的变形细胞和色细胞密度没有显著差异。ELF-EMF 暴露可显著提高 O. struma 体腔液中的免疫相关酶活性，包括酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和多酚氧化酶（P<0.05）。从未暴露和暴露组的 O. struma 体腔细胞中分别获得了 54.32 Mb 和 55.27 Mb 的原始读数，平均长度为 1520 bp。未暴露和暴露组之间有 341 个差异表达基因（DGEs），其中 209 个上调，132 个下调。所有 DGEs 都被分配到 14 个京都基因和基因组百科全书途径中，其中 5 个途径与免疫反应相关，包括 TLR/TNF/NOD 样受体/MAPK/Fc ε RI 信号通路。总的来说，短期（一周内）暴露于低 luxy 密度 ELF-EMF（<500 μT）的 O. struma 会引发免疫反应，抗氧化系统被推荐作为免疫效应的指标。希望本研究能够进一步深入探讨评估 ELF-EMF 暴露对水生生物影响的生物标志物，包括野外密度、频率和暴露时间，并为可再生能源的开发利用提供良好的指导。
