Iberg Courtney A, Hawiger Daniel
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
J Immunol. 2020 Feb 15;204(4):733-744. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901121.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly susceptible to extrinsic signals that modify the functions of these crucial APCs. Maturation of DCs induced by diverse proinflammatory conditions promotes immune responses, but certain signals also induce tolerogenic functions in DCs. These "induced tolerogenic DCs" help to moderate immune responses such as those to commensals present at specific anatomical locations. However, also under steady-state conditions, some DCs are characterized by inherent tolerogenic properties. The immunomodulatory mechanisms constitutively present in such "natural tolerogenic DCs" help to promote tolerance to peripheral Ags. By extending tolerance initially established in the thymus, these functions of DCs help to regulate autoimmune and other immune responses. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms and functions of natural and induced tolerogenic DCs and offer further insight into how their possible manipulations may ultimately lead to more precise treatments for various immune-mediated conditions and diseases.
树突状细胞（DCs）极易受到改变这些关键抗原呈递细胞（APCs）功能的外在信号影响。多种促炎条件诱导的DC成熟促进免疫反应，但某些信号也会诱导DC产生耐受性。这些“诱导性耐受性DC”有助于调节免疫反应，比如对特定解剖部位共生菌的免疫反应。然而，即使在稳态条件下，一些DC也具有固有的耐受性特性。存在于此类“天然耐受性DC”中的免疫调节机制有助于促进对外周抗原（Ags）的耐受性。通过扩展最初在胸腺中建立的耐受性，DC的这些功能有助于调节自身免疫和其他免疫反应。在本综述中，我们将讨论天然和诱导性耐受性DC的机制和功能，并进一步深入探讨对它们的可能操控如何最终导致针对各种免疫介导病症和疾病的更精准治疗。
