College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China.
Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200051, China.
Int J Biometeorol. 2020 Mar;64(3):485-499. doi: 10.1007/s00484-019-01836-5. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Evaporative cooling is the critical heat dissipation mechanism for working individuals wearing thermal protective clothing in hot environments. However, until now, there is no knowledge on garment size design for evaporative cooling optimization, especially when the human body is in movements. In this study, to understand the dynamic effect of garment size on evaporative cooling, we performed experiments on a sweating thermal manikin with seven garment sizes and three walking speeds. The evaporative cooling of global and local manikin body with this wide range garment sizes was present. Results demonstrated that the effect of garment size on evaporative cooling depended on the walking speed. At lower walking speeds, the global evaporative cooling tended to decrease with greater garment size, while at higher walking speeds, the global evaporative cooling tended to increase with greater garment size. Similarly, according to effects of garment size on local evaporative cooling, body segments could be divided into three categories for evaporative cooling optimization. Further, we analyzed factors which influenced the positive effect of walking speed on the evaporative cooling. Results showed that, for most cases, the increase of evaporative cooling caused by walking showed positive linear relationship with the garment size. Further increase of walking speed led to a greater increase rate of evaporative heat loss for body segments with the small air gap. This study provides insights into clothing local characteristics of evaporative cooling with different garment sizes under dynamic conditions and may help clothing design to optimize the evaporative cooling of working individuals in hot environments.
蒸发冷却对于在炎热环境中穿着热防护服的工作者来说是关键的散热机制。然而，到目前为止，对于蒸发冷却优化的服装尺寸设计还没有任何知识，尤其是当人体处于运动状态时。在这项研究中，为了了解服装尺寸对蒸发冷却的动态影响，我们使用一个出汗热模型进行了实验，该模型有七种服装尺寸和三种步行速度。实验展示了各种服装尺寸对整体和局部模型体的蒸发冷却效果。结果表明，服装尺寸对蒸发冷却的影响取决于步行速度。在较低的步行速度下，随着服装尺寸的增大，整体蒸发冷却趋于下降，而在较高的步行速度下，整体蒸发冷却趋于增大。同样，根据服装尺寸对局部蒸发冷却的影响，身体部位可以分为三类进行蒸发冷却优化。此外，我们分析了影响步行速度对蒸发冷却积极影响的因素。结果表明，在大多数情况下，由于步行引起的蒸发冷却的增加与服装尺寸呈正线性关系。进一步提高步行速度会导致较小空气间隙的身体部位的蒸发散热损失增加率更大。本研究深入了解了动态条件下不同服装尺寸的蒸发冷却的服装局部特性，可能有助于服装设计优化热环境中工作者的蒸发冷却。
