Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2020 Mar;15(3):333-348. doi: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1714586. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
: West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus, which is endemic in many countries, especially in Europe and in North America, where the virus has increased its activity in the recent years. No vaccines nor antiviral drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of WNV infection in humans.: This review article describes viral and host targets that have been addressed by anti-WNV drug discovery studies and summarizes the most relevant anti-WNV candidate compounds identified so far, focusing on those showing antiviral efficacy in models and broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus activity.: The most promising anti-WNV drug candidates target conserved enzymatic motifs in viral NS3 protease and NS5 polymerase and are effective against different flaviviruses. Targeting host factors required for viral infection and replication and modulation of host innate antiviral response are also promising approaches, which may lead to the development of compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity, a desirable feature for an antiviral drug.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种嗜神经性蚊媒黄病毒，在许多国家流行，特别是在欧洲和北美，近年来该病毒的活动有所增加。目前尚无预防和治疗人类 WNV 感染的疫苗和抗病毒药物。
本文综述了抗 WNV 药物发现研究中针对的病毒和宿主靶点，并总结了迄今为止发现的最相关的抗 WNV 候选化合物，重点介绍了那些在模型中显示抗病毒功效和广谱抗黄病毒活性的化合物。
最有前途的抗 WNV 药物候选物针对病毒 NS3 蛋白酶和 NS5 聚合酶中的保守酶基序，对不同的黄病毒有效。针对病毒感染和复制所需的宿主因子以及宿主先天抗病毒反应的调节也是很有前途的方法，这可能导致开发具有广谱抗病毒活性的化合物，这是抗病毒药物的理想特征。
