Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 30;17(3):860. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030860.
Characterizing the determinants of the abuse liability of electronic cigarettes (ECs) in adolescents is needed to inform product regulation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We recently reported that Vuse Menthol EC aerosol extract containing nicotine and a range of non-nicotine constituents (e.g., menthol, propylene glycol) had reduced aversive effects compared to nicotine alone in adolescent rats, whereas Aroma E-Juice EC aerosol extract did not. The current study used a behavioral economic approach to compare the relative abuse liability of these EC extracts and nicotine alone in an i.v. self-administration (SA) model in adolescents. Adolescents were tested for the SA of EC extracts prepared using an ethanol (ETOH) solvent or nicotine and saline, with and without 4% ETOH (i.e., the same concentration in the EC extracts) in 23 h/day sessions. Results. Although acquisition of SA was faster for nicotine + ETOH compared to all other formulations, the elasticity of demand for all nicotine-containing formulations was similar. Conclusions: EC aerosol extracts did not have greater abuse liability than nicotine alone in adolescents. These data suggest that nicotine may be the primary determinant of the abuse liability of these ECs in youth, at least in terms of the primary reinforcing effects of ECs mediated within the central nervous system.
需要描述电子烟（EC）在青少年中的滥用倾向决定因素，以便为美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的产品监管提供信息。我们最近报告称，与单独的尼古丁相比，含有尼古丁和一系列非尼古丁成分（例如薄荷醇、丙二醇）的 Vuse Menthol EC 气溶胶提取物在青少年大鼠中具有降低的厌恶效应，而 Aroma E-Juice EC 气溶胶提取物则没有。目前的研究使用行为经济学方法，在青少年静脉内自我给药（SA）模型中比较了这些 EC 提取物和单独尼古丁的相对滥用倾向。青少年接受了使用乙醇（ETOH）溶剂或尼古丁和盐水制备的 EC 提取物的 SA 测试，以及在 23 小时/天的时间段内有无 4% ETOH（即 EC 提取物中的相同浓度）的测试。结果表明，与所有其他配方相比，尼古丁+ETOH 用于 SA 的获得速度更快，但所有含尼古丁配方的需求弹性相似。结论：在青少年中，EC 气溶胶提取物的滥用倾向并不比单独的尼古丁更大。这些数据表明，尼古丁可能是这些 EC 在青少年中滥用倾向的主要决定因素，至少就 EC 在中枢神经系统中介导的主要强化作用而言是这样。
