Department of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Team Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 30;17(3):876. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030876.
Physical education classes often fail to include sufficient exercise intensity to induce changes in body tissue composition and physical fitness. Short-term high-intensity interval training protocols incorporated into physical education lessons are one possible solution to this problem. Existing studies have not examined how individuals differing in body mass index (e.g., normal-weight, underweight) respond to high-intensity interval training exercises. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Tabata protocol on body composition measurements, aerobic capacity, and motor performance in underweight and overweight adolescents (the experimental groups) vs normal-weight adolescents (here regarded as the control group). The sample included 58 adolescents (28 boys, mean age = 16.2 years; 30 girls, mean age = 16.2 years) who completed the high-intensity interval training and the following set of measurements pre- and post- intervention: height, weight, body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio, physical efficiency index (based on the Harvard Step Test), agility (in 4 × 10 shuttle run test), and lower-limb muscle power in vertical jump. The results showed that high-intensity interval training was effective in reducing body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage only in overweight individuals. Improvement in aerobic capacity was found only in underweight and overweight boys. Further research should focus on the development of customized exercise protocols and their adaptation to girls and assess the sustainability of the changes induced.
体育课往往无法达到足够的运动强度，从而无法改变身体组织成分和体质。将短期高强度间歇训练方案纳入体育课中是解决这一问题的一种可能方法。现有研究尚未探讨身体质量指数（例如，正常体重、体重过轻）不同的个体对高强度间歇训练运动的反应。因此，本研究旨在评估 Tabata 方案对体重过轻和超重青少年（实验组）与正常体重青少年（对照组）的身体成分测量、有氧能力和运动表现的影响。样本包括 58 名青少年（28 名男生，平均年龄为 16.2 岁；30 名女生，平均年龄为 16.2 岁），他们在干预前后完成了高强度间歇训练和以下一系列测量：身高、体重、体脂百分比和腰臀比、身体效率指数（基于哈佛台阶测试）、敏捷性（在 4×10 穿梭跑测试中）和垂直跳跃的下肢肌肉力量。结果表明，高强度间歇训练仅对超重个体有效，可降低体重、腰臀比和体脂百分比。仅在体重过轻和超重男孩中发现有氧能力有所提高。进一步的研究应侧重于制定定制的运动方案，并将其适应于女孩，并评估所诱导变化的可持续性。
