Association of diabetic nephropathy with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the severity of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 322 patients with T2DM participated in this cross-sectional study. OSAHS was diagnosed according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and it was categorized as follows: normal, mild, moderate, and severe. Relevant clinical data retrieved from medical charts were cross-analyzed between different groups. The relationship between urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) and OSAHS parameters, which included AHI, lowest oxygen saturation (L-SaO), and mean oxygen saturation (M-SaO), was evaluated by partial correlation analysis. DN stages were classified into a non-DN group, a microalbuminuria group, and a macroalbuminuria group. Multiple factor logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze factors influencing DN. The results showed that mild OSAHS, moderate OSAHS, and severe OSAHS patients had a higher Body mass index (BMI), creatinine (CR) level, UACR, and a longer duration of T2DM (p < 0.05) than the non-OSAHS group. The prevalence of DN in the non-OSAHS, mild OSAHS, moderate OSAHS, and severe OSAHS groups was 18.4%, 19.2%, 34.6%, and 49.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). Multiple factor logistic regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR = 1.03), AHI (OR = 1.02), and duration of T2DM (OR = 1.04) were correlated with DN (p < 0.05). These findings revealed that OSAHS is highly prevalent in T2DM and AHI is independently associated with the presence of DN.