Conner G H, Richardson M, Carter G R, Wamukoya J P
J Dairy Sci. 1977 Feb;60(2):289-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)83867-8.
The bovine fetus is capable of mounting an antibody response when a bacterial antigen (killed Escherichia coli) or viral antigen (live reovirus) is deposited into the amniotic fluid. Time required for the fetus to respond to bacterial antigen given orally (amniotic fluid) is approximately 10 to 14 days and 8 to 10 days for viral antigen. Calves vaccinated prenatally with E. coli from 9 to 102 days before birth and deprived of colostrum survived oral challenge doses of viable E. coli which killed calves not vaccinated prenatally. One mechanism of protection was the local production of antibody in the gastrointestinal mucosa where immunofluorescent techniques showed immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and anti-E. coli antibody in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum as well as in the jejunal lymph node. Prenatal vaccination has been used in the field for prevention of colibacillosis. However, the occurrence of some stillbirths and premature births indicates the need for further research before there can be widespread field application of the technique.
当将细菌抗原（灭活的大肠杆菌）或病毒抗原（活的呼肠孤病毒）注入羊水时，牛胎儿能够产生抗体反应。胎儿对经口服给予（羊水）的细菌抗原产生反应所需的时间约为10至14天，对病毒抗原产生反应所需时间为8至10天。在出生前9至102天用大肠杆菌进行产前接种且未摄入初乳的犊牛，在口服活的大肠杆菌攻毒剂量后存活下来，而未进行产前接种的犊牛则死于该剂量。一种保护机制是在胃肠黏膜中局部产生抗体，免疫荧光技术显示在十二指肠、空肠、回肠以及空肠淋巴结中有免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和抗大肠杆菌抗体。产前接种已在实际中用于预防大肠杆菌病。然而，一些死产和早产的出现表明，在该技术能够广泛应用于实际之前，仍需要进一步研究。
