Jawor Paulina, Mee John F, Stefaniak Tadeusz
Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, P61 P302 Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jul 15;11(7):2102. doi: 10.3390/ani11072102.
Bovine perinatal mortality due to infection may result either from the direct effects of intrauterine infection and/or the fetal response to such infection, leading to the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). Both intrauterine infection and FIRS, which causes multi-organ damage and involution of immune organs, compromise fetal survivability, sometimes fatally. Organ injury associated with FIRS may, in addition to causing fetal mortality, irreversibly compromise extrauterine adaptation of the neonate, a recognized problem in human fetuses. Diagnosis of intrauterine infection and of FIRS requires related, but independent analytical approaches. In addition to detection of pathogens, the immune and inflammatory responses of the bovine fetus may be utilized to diagnose intrauterine infection. This can be done by detection of specific changes in internal organs and the measurement of antibodies and/or elements of the acute phase reaction. Currently our ability to diagnose FIRS in bovine fetuses and neonates is limited to research studies. This review focuses on both the fetomaternal response to infection and diagnostic methods which rely on the response of the fetus to infection and inflammatory changes, as well other methods which may improve diagnosis of intrauterine infection in cases of bovine perinatal mortality.
由于感染导致的牛围产期死亡可能源于宫内感染的直接影响和/或胎儿对这种感染的反应，从而导致胎儿炎症反应综合征（FIRS）。宫内感染和FIRS都会导致多器官损伤和免疫器官退化，进而影响胎儿的生存能力，有时甚至是致命的。除了导致胎儿死亡外，与FIRS相关的器官损伤还可能不可逆地损害新生儿宫外适应能力，这在人类胎儿中是一个公认的问题。宫内感染和FIRS的诊断需要相关但独立的分析方法。除了检测病原体外，还可以利用牛胎儿的免疫和炎症反应来诊断宫内感染。这可以通过检测内部器官的特定变化以及测量急性期反应的抗体和/或成分来实现。目前，我们诊断牛胎儿和新生儿FIRS的能力仅限于研究。本综述重点关注母胎对感染的反应以及依赖胎儿对感染和炎症变化反应的诊断方法，以及其他可能改善牛围产期死亡病例中宫内感染诊断的方法。
