Jiang W Y, Xun Y H
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2020 Jan 20;28(1):92-96. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.01.022.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids. EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells, and hence participate in the variety of diseases including the occurrence and development of liver diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased. Currently there is no reliable method except invasive liver biopsy for the diagnosis of liver inflammation or fibrosis staging. Therefore, the search for the corresponding markers of noninvasive circulation continues to be active, and extracellular vesicles are one of the most concerned. To this end, we reviewed current knowledge about the physical characteristics, biological components, and isolation methods of extracellular vesicles, and introduced the concept of using circulating cell-derived vesicles as a new diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种小的双层脂质膜囊泡，大多数细胞类型都能释放它们，并且在大多数体液中都能检测到。EVs通过将其生物活性物质转移到受体细胞或激活靶细胞中的信号通路来发挥细胞间通讯的关键功能，因此参与包括肝脏疾病发生和发展在内的多种疾病。近年来，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的患病率有所上升。目前，除了侵入性肝活检外，没有可靠的方法来诊断肝脏炎症或纤维化分期。因此，寻找相应的非侵入性循环标志物的工作仍在积极进行，细胞外囊泡是最受关注的标志物之一。为此，我们综述了目前关于细胞外囊泡的物理特性、生物成分和分离方法的知识，并介绍了将循环细胞衍生囊泡用作非酒精性脂肪性肝病新诊断标志物的概念。
