Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Apr;259:113900. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113900. Epub 2020 Jan 1.
Groundwater pollution early warning has been regarded as an effective tool for regional groundwater pollution prevention, especially in China. In this study, the systemic model was established to assess the groundwater pollution early warning by integrating the present situation of groundwater quality (Q), groundwater quality trend (T) and groundwater pollution risk (R). The model integrated spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality, and combined the state and process of the groundwater pollution. Q, T and R were assessed by the methods of fuzzy comprehensive assessment, Spearman or nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend test, and overlay index, respectively. Taking the Luoyang City as an example, the groundwater pollution early warning mapping was generated, and verified by corresponding the groundwater quality classes and the early warning degrees. The results showed that the groundwater was dominated by the levels of no warning and light warning, which accounted for 77% of the study area. The serious and tremendous warning areas were affected by the worse trend and relatively bad/bad present situations of groundwater quality with the typical contaminants of total hardness, nitrate, Hg and COD. In summary, the present situation of groundwater quality was the most important factor of groundwater pollution early warning mapping in the study area. The worse trend of groundwater quality played equally a key role in the local regions, as well as the high pollution risk, which was mainly affected by the pollution source loading. Targeted measures for groundwater pollution prevention were proposed in the corresponding degrees of groundwater pollution early warning. The QTR model was proved to be effective for assessing the regional groundwater pollution early warning. The accuracy of the model could be improved if there is further data acquisition of groundwater quality in longer time series and in larger number, and further investigation of pollution sources. The QTR model is proposed and proved to be effective for assessing regional groundwater pollution early warning.
地下水污染预警被认为是区域地下水污染防治的有效手段，尤其是在中国。本研究通过整合地下水水质现状（Q）、地下水水质趋势（T）和地下水污染风险（R），建立了系统模型来评估地下水污染预警。该模型综合考虑了地下水质量的时空变化，结合了地下水污染的状态和过程。Q、T 和 R 分别采用模糊综合评价法、Spearman 或非参数 Mann-Kendall 趋势检验法和叠置指数法进行评价。以洛阳市为例，生成了地下水污染预警图，并通过对应地下水水质类别和预警程度进行了验证。结果表明，地下水主要处于无警和轻警水平，占研究区的 77%。严重和巨大的预警区受水质较差趋势和相对较差/差的地下水质量现状影响，典型污染物为总硬度、硝酸盐、Hg 和 COD。总体而言，地下水质量现状是研究区地下水污染预警图的最重要因素。地下水质量较差趋势在局部地区同样起着关键作用，高污染风险主要受污染源负荷影响。根据地下水污染预警的相应程度，提出了地下水污染防治的针对性措施。结果表明，QTR 模型可有效评估区域地下水污染预警。如果能进一步获取更长时间序列和更多数量的地下水质量数据，并进一步调查污染源，模型的准确性将得到提高。本研究提出并验证了 QTR 模型在评估区域地下水污染预警方面的有效性。
