Liu Yu, Zeng Yan-Yan, Zhou Jin-Long, Lei Mi
College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Jul 8;45(7):3973-3982. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202307262.
Groundwater pollution early warning is an effective means for regional groundwater pollution prevention. The groundwater pollution early warning model coupled with the current situation of groundwater quality, groundwater quality variation trend, and groundwater pollution risk were applied to the plain area of Barkol-Yiwu Basin, and the regional scale groundwater pollution early warning was realized by combining the early warning of groundwater quality status and trend. The TOPSIS method based on comprehensive weight was used to evaluate the current situation of groundwater quality. The variation trend of groundwater quality was analyzed by calculating the trend interpolation results of 18 in-situ groundwater quality monitoring wells. The groundwater vulnerability map, groundwater pollution load map, and groundwater function value map were superimposed using the superposition index method to evaluate groundwater pollution risk. The results showed that the groundwater quality was good and relatively good, and the poor groundwater quality in some areas was mainly affected by the shallow groundwater depth and the large porosity of the vadose zone. Groundwater quality was stable from 2011 to 2022, mainly due to the leakage of wastewater generated by industries and agriculture into groundwater, resulting in the deterioration of groundwater quality in some areas. Groundwater pollution risk was generally low, and the dual effects of high vulnerability and high pollution load of groundwater led to local areas with high pollution risk. The early warning level of groundwater pollution was generally low, and the heavy and highly heavy warning areas accounted for 16.4% and 17.5% of the study area, respectively, mainly distributed in Xiamaya Township of Yiwu County and northern Santanghu Town, Dahongliuxia Township, and Dahe Town of Barkol County. The quaternary sediments exposed were mainly sandy pebbles, with developed pores and strong water permeability. The interception and adsorption capacity of pollutants were weak. Pollutants produced by industries, agriculture, and life easily leaked into groundwater aquifers, resulting in poor groundwater quality and high risk of groundwater pollution, which ultimately led to a high early warning level of groundwater pollution in some areas. The research on early warning of groundwater pollution provided an important theoretical basis for the development of groundwater pollution remediation.
地下水污染预警是区域地下水污染防治的有效手段。将地下水污染预警模型与地下水水质现状、地下水水质变化趋势及地下水污染风险相结合，应用于巴里坤—伊吾盆地平原区，通过地下水水质现状及趋势预警实现区域尺度的地下水污染预警。采用基于综合权重的TOPSIS法评价地下水水质现状。通过计算18口地下水水质原位监测井的趋势插值结果，分析地下水水质变化趋势。利用叠加指数法叠加地下水脆弱性图、地下水污染负荷图和地下水功能价值图，评价地下水污染风险。结果表明，地下水水质良好和较好，部分地区地下水水质较差主要受浅层地下水位埋深和包气带孔隙度大的影响。2011—2022年地下水水质总体稳定，部分地区因工农业产生的废水渗漏进入地下水，导致地下水水质恶化。地下水污染风险总体较低，地下水高脆弱性与高污染负荷的双重作用导致局部地区污染风险较高。地下水污染预警等级总体较低，重度和高度重度预警区分别占研究区面积的16.4%和17.5%，主要分布在伊吾县下马崖乡以及巴里坤县三塘湖镇北部、大红柳峡乡和大河镇。出露的第四系沉积物主要为砂卵石，孔隙发育，透水性强，对污染物的截留吸附能力较弱，工农业及生活产生的污染物易渗漏进入地下水含水层，导致地下水水质较差、污染风险高，最终致使部分地区地下水污染预警等级较高。地下水污染预警研究为地下水污染修复治理提供了重要理论依据。
