Cellular Neurobiology of Learning Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117485, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 1;21(3):981. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030981.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule with a large number of functions in living tissue. In the brain, NO participates in numerous intracellular mechanisms, including synaptic plasticity and cell homeostasis. NO elicits synaptic changes both through various multi-chain cascades and through direct nitrosylation of targeted proteins. Along with the -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, one of the key components in synaptic functioning are α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors-the main target for long-term modifications of synaptic effectivity. AMPA receptors have been shown to participate in most of the functions important for neuronal activity, including memory formation. Interactions of NO and AMPA receptors were observed in important phenomena, such as glutamatergic excitotoxicity in retinal cells, synaptic plasticity, and neuropathologies. This review focuses on existing findings that concern pathways by which NO interacts with AMPA receptors, influences properties of different subunits of AMPA receptors, and regulates the receptors' surface expression.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种在活组织中具有多种功能的气态分子。在大脑中，NO 参与了许多细胞内机制，包括突触可塑性和细胞内稳态。NO 通过各种多链级联反应和靶向蛋白的直接亚硝化作用来引发突触变化。与 -甲基-d-天冬氨酸（NMDA）谷氨酸受体一起，突触功能的关键组成部分之一是α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸（AMPA）受体——突触效能的长期修饰的主要靶点。已经表明 AMPA 受体参与了大多数对神经元活动很重要的功能，包括记忆形成。已经观察到 NO 和 AMPA 受体之间的相互作用在一些重要现象中，例如视网膜细胞中的谷氨酸兴奋性毒性、突触可塑性和神经病理学。本综述重点介绍了与 NO 与 AMPA 受体相互作用的途径、影响 AMPA 受体不同亚基特性以及调节受体表面表达的现有研究结果。
