Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, 2265A Anthony Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1225, USA.
Animal. 2020 Mar;14(S1):s55-s64. doi: 10.1017/S1751731119003215.
Feed intake is controlled through a combination of long- and short-term mechanisms. Homeorhetic mechanisms allow adaptation to changes in physiological states in the long term, whereas homeostatic mechanisms are important to maintain physiological equilibrium in the short term. Feed intake is a function of meal size and meal frequency that are controlled by short-term mechanisms over the timeframe of minutes that are modulated by homeorhetic signals to adapt to changes in the physiological state. Control of feed intake by hepatic oxidation likely integrates these mechanisms. Signals from the liver are transmitted to brain feeding centers via vagal afferents and are affected by the hepatic oxidation of fuels. Because fuels oxidized in the liver are derived from both the diet and tissues, the liver is able to integrate long- and short-term controls. Whereas multiple signals are integrated in brain feeding centers to ultimately determine feeding behavior, the liver is likely a primary sensor of energy status.
采食量是通过长期和短期机制的组合来控制的。同态机制允许在长期内适应生理状态的变化，而体内平衡机制对于在短期内维持生理平衡很重要。采食量是餐量和进食频率的函数，这些通过短期机制在几分钟的时间内进行控制，这些机制受到同态信号的调节，以适应生理状态的变化。肝氧化对采食量的控制可能整合了这些机制。来自肝脏的信号通过迷走神经传入大脑摄食中枢，并受到肝氧化燃料的影响。因为在肝脏中氧化的燃料既来自饮食又来自组织，所以肝脏能够整合长期和短期的控制。虽然多个信号在大脑摄食中枢中被整合以最终决定进食行为，但肝脏可能是能量状态的主要传感器。
