Pössel Patrick, Smith Eric, Alexander Olivia
Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, 2301 S. Third Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2018 Aug 29;31(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s41155-018-0104-1.
Adolescent depression is a prevailing international mental health concern as up to 27% of adolescents experience either subsyndromal depression or a major depressive episode by the age of 18. Depression in adolescence has been found to negatively impact current and future academic achievement, functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Accordingly, the authors emphasize the importance of proactively preventing depression (and its negative outcomes) instead of waiting and having to "fix" the problems after they have already developed. The current article begins with a discussion of the various types of prevention, including their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further and more importantly, the article's primary focus is to provide a summary of the theoretical basis, development of, empirical support for, and content of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioral program to prevent adolescent depression entitled LARS&LISA (Lust An Realistischer Sicht & Leichtigkeit Im Sozialen Alltag). As the program exists within the overlapping realms of universal prevention, school-based programs, and cognitive-behavioral interventions, the content of this article is relevant to all three areas and offers insight into the development of depression prevention in general. Finally, empirical support for the positive effects of the program is presented and some ideas for further research are discussed.
青少年抑郁症是一个普遍存在的国际心理健康问题,因为高达27%的青少年在18岁时经历过亚综合征性抑郁或重度抑郁发作。研究发现,青少年时期的抑郁症会对当前和未来的学业成绩、功能、心理健康和生活质量产生负面影响。因此,作者强调积极预防抑郁症(及其负面后果)的重要性,而不是等待问题出现后再去“解决”。本文首先讨论了各种预防类型,包括它们各自的优缺点。更重要的是,本文的主要重点是总结一个名为LARS&LISA(Lust An Realistischer Sicht & Leichtigkeit Im Sozialen Alltag,意为“对现实的渴望与社交生活中的轻松应对”)的基于学校的通用认知行为预防青少年抑郁症项目的理论基础、发展、实证支持和内容。由于该项目存在于通用预防、基于学校的项目和认知行为干预的重叠领域,本文的内容与这三个领域都相关,并为抑郁症预防的总体发展提供了见解。最后,展示了该项目积极效果的实证支持,并讨论了一些进一步研究的想法。