Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Depress Anxiety. 2013 Sep;30(9):809-21. doi: 10.1002/da.22120. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
Adolescence is a period of major risk for depression, which is associated with negative personal, social, and educational outcomes. Yet, in comparison to adult models of depression, very little is known about the specific psychosocial stressors that contribute to adolescent depression, and whether these can be targeted by interventions. In this review, we consider the role of peer rejection. First, we present a comprehensive review of studies using innovative experimental paradigms to understand the role of peer rejection in adolescent depression. We show how reciprocal relationships between peer rejection and depressive symptoms across adolescence powerfully shape and maintain maladaptive trajectories. Second, we consider how cognitive biases and their neurobiological substrates may explain why some adolescents are more vulnerable to the effects of, and perhaps exposure to, peer rejection compared to others. Finally, we draw attention to emerging cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback training, which by modifying aspects of information processing may promote more adaptive responses to peer rejection. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescent depression may not only alleviate symptoms during a period of substantial developmental challenges, but may also reduce the burden of the disorder across the lifespan.
青春期是抑郁症的高发期，它与个人、社交和教育等负面后果相关。然而，与成人抑郁症模型相比，人们对导致青少年抑郁症的具体社会心理压力源知之甚少，也不知道这些压力源是否可以通过干预来解决。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了同伴拒绝的作用。首先，我们全面回顾了使用创新实验范式来理解同伴拒绝在青少年抑郁症中的作用的研究。我们展示了同伴拒绝和抑郁症状在整个青春期之间的相互关系如何有力地塑造和维持适应不良的轨迹。其次，我们考虑了认知偏差及其神经生物学基础如何解释为什么一些青少年比其他青少年更容易受到同伴拒绝的影响，甚至更容易暴露于同伴拒绝。最后，我们提请注意新兴的认知和功能磁共振成像为基础的神经反馈训练，这种训练通过改变信息处理的某些方面，可能会促进对同伴拒绝的更适应的反应。更好地理解青少年抑郁症的发病机制不仅可以减轻这一时期的发育挑战带来的症状，还可以减轻终生的疾病负担。
