Lee M R, Shih J C
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2335-41. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.10.2335-2341.1988.
The effect of anaerobic digestion of poultry waste on oocysts of the protozoan Eimeria tenella, a common enteric pathogen that causes coccidiosis in poultry, was investigated in this study. Thermophilic (50 degrees C) and mesophilic (35 degrees C) anaerobic digestors, with poultry manure as the substrate, were inoculated with the oocysts. The oocysts were damaged during anaerobic digestion, as determined by morphological change and loss of their ability to sporulate. The recovered oocysts were tested for their infectivity in young chicks, as measured by body weight gain, mortality, and cecal lesions. Oocysts lost all their infectivity during thermophilic digestion, while oocysts subjected to mesophilic digestion remained moderately infective in comparison with untreated oocysts, which produced severe coccidiosis, high mortality, and low body weight gain in chicks. Oocysts were inactivated at 50 degrees C when they were suspended in digestor fluid or saline. Inactivation at 35 degrees C was significantly stronger in the digestor fluid than in the saline, which implied that factors other than temperature were involved in the lethal effect of anaerobic digestion on protozoan oocysts. In this study we demonstrated that the treatment of animal waste by anaerobic digestion, especially at a thermophilic temperature, has the benefits of pathogen control and protection of human and animal health in a farm environment.
本研究调查了家禽粪便厌氧消化对原生动物柔嫩艾美耳球虫（一种在家禽中引起球虫病的常见肠道病原体）卵囊的影响。以家禽粪便为底物，将嗜热（50摄氏度）和中温（35摄氏度）厌氧消化器接种卵囊。通过形态变化和孢子形成能力的丧失确定，卵囊在厌氧消化过程中受到破坏。对回收的卵囊进行幼雏感染性测试，通过体重增加、死亡率和盲肠病变来衡量。嗜热消化过程中卵囊失去了所有感染性，而与未处理的卵囊相比，经过中温消化的卵囊仍具有中等感染性，未处理的卵囊会在雏鸡中引发严重球虫病、高死亡率和低体重增加。当卵囊悬浮在消化器液体或盐水中时，在50摄氏度下会失活。在35摄氏度下，消化器液体中的失活作用明显强于盐水中的失活作用，这表明除温度外，其他因素也参与了厌氧消化对原生动物卵囊的致死作用。在本研究中，我们证明了通过厌氧消化处理动物粪便，特别是在嗜热温度下，在农场环境中具有控制病原体以及保护人类和动物健康的益处。
