College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Vet Parasitol. 2019 Sep;273:105-111. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.08.010. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
Diclazuril, which is widely used for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens, has a lethal effect on asexual and sexual stages of Eimeria spp. However, little is known about its effect on the exogenous stages of Eimeria spp. In this study, we evaluated the effect of in vitro treatment with 0.2% diclazuril on unsporulated and sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. For this purpose, a total of 180 male layer chicks aged one day were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups. Each group was divided into 3 replicates of 12 chicks each. Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2) were negative (non-immunized and non-challenged) and positive (non-immunized and challenged) controls, respectively. Group 3 (G3) was immunized per os with 1.0 × 10 non-diclazuril treated-sporulated oocysts. Groups 4 (G4) was immunized per os with 0.2% diclazuril treated-unsporulated oocysts (1.0 × 10) in which diclazzuril didn't affect sporulation. Group 5 (G5) was immunized per os with 0.2% diclazuril treated-sporulated oocysts (1.0 × 10). Chicks of G2, G3, G4, and G5 were challenged with 7.5 × 10 untreated sporulated oocysts at the age of 21 days, while the group 1 chicks remained unchallenged. G4 and G5 animals immunized with 0.2% diclazuril-treated oocysts showed a significant decrease in bloody diarrhea severity, lesion scores, and oocyst counts in comparison to those immunized with untreated oocysts. Furthermore, histopathologic findings showed a low number of parasitic stages in cecal tissues in G4 and G5. A significant increased body weight gain was observed in Gs 4 and 5 in comparison to G2. In addition, expression levels of IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in G4 and G5. In conclusion, diclazuril is effective in attenuating Eimeria oocysts and thus provides an alternative approach for using diclazuril-treated oocysts to protect chicks against Eimeria challenge.
地克珠利广泛用于预防鸡球虫病，对艾美耳球虫的无性和有性阶段具有致死作用。然而，人们对地克珠利对艾美耳球虫的外生阶段的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们评估了 0.2%地克珠利体外处理未孢子化和孢子化卵囊对艾美耳球虫的影响。为此，共随机分为 5 个实验组，共 180 只 1 日龄雄性蛋鸡。每组分为 3 个 12 只小鸡的重复组。第 1 组（G1）和第 2 组（G2）为阴性（非免疫和非攻毒）和阳性（非免疫和攻毒）对照组。第 3 组（G3）口服免疫 1.0×10 个未用地克珠利处理的孢子化卵囊。第 4 组（G4）口服免疫 0.2%地克珠利处理的未孢子化卵囊（1.0×10），地克珠利不影响孢子化。第 5 组（G5）口服免疫 0.2%地克珠利处理的孢子化卵囊（1.0×10）。攻毒前 21 天，G2、G3、G4 和 G5 组的小鸡用未处理的孢子化卵囊 7.5×10 攻毒，而 G1 组的小鸡不攻毒。与免疫未处理卵囊的小鸡相比，用 0.2%地克珠利处理的卵囊免疫的 G4 和 G5 动物的血性腹泻严重程度、病变评分和卵囊计数均显著降低。此外，G4 和 G5 组的盲肠组织中寄生阶段的数量较低。与 G2 相比，G4 和 G5 组的体重显著增加。此外，G4 和 G5 组的 IL-2、IL-12 和 IFN-γ 的表达水平显著增加。综上所述，地克珠利能有效减弱艾美耳球虫卵囊，为使用地克珠利处理卵囊来保护小鸡免受艾美耳球虫攻毒提供了一种替代方法。
