Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-9 70, Brazil.
Laboratório de Estudo de Plantas sob Estresse, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Caixa Postal 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2020 Mar;29(2):217-225. doi: 10.1007/s10646-019-02154-7. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
The expansion of land use for agricultural interests and the excessive use of herbicides are among the causes of biodiversity losses in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that Dipteryx alata Vogel, a common species in this biome, is sensitive to nicosulfuron because of its high phytotoxicity. We evaluated physiological, biochemical and morphological responses in D. alata plants exposed to increasing doses of the herbicide. Young plants were transplanted to 10 L pots containing substrate composed of soil and sand (2:1) after fertilization. After an acclimation period, the following doses of nicosulfuron were applied: 0 (control), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 60 g a.e. ha. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design factorial scheme with six doses of nicosulfuron, three evaluation times, and five replicates per treatment. The effects of the herbicide were assessed by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, membrane permeability, antioxidant enzymes and acetolactate synthase. Nicosulfuron altered the photosynthetic machinery and enzymatic metabolism of D. alata. Reductions in physiological traits, increased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, enhanced malondialdehyde concentrations rate of electrolyte leakage and decreased acetolactate synthase activity in response to nicosulfuron all suggest that D. alata is sensitive to this herbicide.
农业利益的土地使用扩张和过度使用除草剂是巴西塞拉多生物群落生物多样性丧失的原因之一。因此，我们旨在测试以下假设：即 Dipteryx alata Vogel 是该生物群落中的一种常见物种，由于其高生物毒性，对烟嘧磺隆敏感。我们评估了暴露于不同剂量除草剂的 D. alata 植物的生理、生化和形态响应。在施肥后，将幼苗移植到含有土壤和沙子（2:1）的基质的 10 升盆中。在适应期后，施加以下剂量的烟嘧磺隆：0（对照）、6、12、24、48 和 60 g a.e. ha。该实验采用随机区组设计的因子方案进行，其中包括烟嘧磺隆的六个剂量、三个评估时间和每个处理的五个重复。通过测量气体交换、叶绿素 a 荧光、光合色素、膜通透性、抗氧化酶和乙酰乳酸合酶来评估除草剂的影响。烟嘧磺隆改变了 D. alata 的光合作用机制和酶代谢。生理特性的降低、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的增加、丙二醛浓度的增加、电解质泄漏率的增加以及乙酰乳酸合酶活性的降低，都表明 D. alata 对这种除草剂敏感。
