Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health Thailand, Tiwanond Road, Muang, Nontaburi 11000, Thailand.
Rev Environ Health. 2020 Mar 26;35(1):71-77. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0082.
Thailand is the home of 66.4 million people of which 17.21% are children aged 0-14 years. The total population of children has decreased from 20.23% in 2009 to 17.21% in 2018. The mortality ratio of infants and children under 5 years of age has also steadily decreased between 2008 and 2017. Urbanization, globalization, and industrialization appear to be the main contributors to the transition from infectious to chronic non-communicable diseases. The main types of environmental exposure to children are water, sanitation and hygiene, air pollution from traffic in inner cities, chemical hazards from pesticides which result from agricultural activities in countryside areas, heavy metal contaminants such as lead and arsenic from anthropogenic activities, e.g. from industrial zones, mining, electronic appliance waste, and ongoing climate change. It is concluded that economic development and rapid urbanization in Thailand have resulted in environmental degradation and pose a risk to children's health. Future development and implementation of measures to improve children's environmental health (CEH) in the country are needed. Some examples include research specific to environmental threats to children's health; international environmental health networks to share experience and expertise; and solutions to solve the problems.
泰国拥有 6640 万人口，其中 17.21%为 0-14 岁的儿童。儿童总数从 2009 年的 20.23%下降到 2018 年的 17.21%。2008 年至 2017 年期间，婴幼儿死亡率也稳步下降。城市化、全球化和工业化似乎是导致传染病向慢性非传染性疾病转变的主要因素。儿童主要面临的环境暴露类型包括：水、环境卫生和个人卫生；城市中心交通造成的空气污染；农村地区农业活动导致的农药化学危害；人为活动（如工业区、采矿业、电子设备废物）产生的重金属污染物，如铅和砷；以及正在发生的气候变化。研究表明，泰国经济发展和快速城市化导致了环境恶化，对儿童健康构成了威胁。该国需要制定和实施未来的措施来改善儿童的环境健康。例如，开展针对儿童健康的特定环境威胁的研究；建立国际环境健康网络以分享经验和专业知识；以及解决问题的办法。
