Escobedo-Melendez Griselda, Panduro Arturo, Celis Alfredo, Roman Sonia
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Viral Hepatitis Clinic, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Juan I. Menchaca", Jalisco, Mexico.
Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Guadalajara, Jalisco, México and Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019 Jan 31;13(1):44-49. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10487.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a health problem worldwide. In Mexico, a high prevalence rate of HBV infection and occult HBV infection have been reported in high-risk adults and children. However, studies regarding HBV infection transmitted from HBV-infected parents to children are limited. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission of HBV from parents to children in Mexico.
A retrospective case-control study was carried out in 24 pediatric patients with clinical HBV infection and 48 healthy controls. Bivariate and forward conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compare demographic variables, the status of HBV vaccination, and risk factors for HBV infection transmission among children and their parents.
No newborns were diagnosed with HBV infection, and no significant differences were found in age (p = 0.209) or gender (p = 0.612) compared to the control group. The independent risk factor associated with HBV transmission was the presence of a parent with a history of promiscuity (OR = 30.95, 95%CI = 3.382-283.326; p = 0.002), whereas having completed the HBV vaccination schedule for their age was a protective factor against HBV infection in the children (OR = 0.245, 95%CI = 0.079-0.764; p = 0.015).
HBV infection in Mexican children is associated with close interpersonal contact with a parent engaged in high-risk sexual practices suggesting that the horizontal route could be the primary mode of infection. Child and adult vaccination campaigns should be reinforced to avoid HBV infection in Mexico.
儿童感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一个全球性的健康问题。在墨西哥，据报道高危成人和儿童中HBV感染及隐匿性HBV感染的患病率很高。然而，关于HBV感染从受感染父母传播给儿童的研究有限。本研究旨在确定墨西哥HBV从父母传播给儿童的相关危险因素。
对24例临床诊断为HBV感染的儿科患者和48例健康对照进行了一项回顾性病例对照研究。采用双变量和向前条件逻辑回归分析来比较人口统计学变量、HBV疫苗接种状况以及儿童及其父母中HBV感染传播的危险因素。
未诊断出新生儿感染HBV，与对照组相比，年龄（p = 0.209）或性别（p = 0.612）无显著差异。与HBV传播相关的独立危险因素是父母有滥交史（OR = 30.95，95%CI = 3.382 - 283.326；p = 0.002），而按年龄完成HBV疫苗接种计划是儿童预防HBV感染的保护因素（OR = 0.245，95%CI = 0.079 - 0.764；p = 0.015）。
墨西哥儿童HBV感染与与有高危性行为的父母密切人际接触有关，这表明水平传播途径可能是主要感染方式。应加强儿童和成人疫苗接种运动以避免墨西哥的HBV感染。
