Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Dept. of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Immunol Lett. 2020 Apr;220:63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.004. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a world-wide pro-inflammatory based disease, which is prevalent among young individuals. The etiology of the disease and its related complications are yet to be clarified. It has been hypothesized that environmental factors, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the internal factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), may be the most important inducers/stimulators of the disorder and its related complications. Previous investigations proved that pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are the main sensors for the PAMPs and DAMPs. Therefore, it seems that the PRRs have been considered to be the plausible molecules participating in the etiology of MS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been the widely studied PRRs and their roles have been documented in human-related diseases. TLR4 is the main PRR expressed on the cell surface of several immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. Several investigations reported that TLR4 to be the main molecule involved in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory based diseases. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR4 may be a part of the MS puzzle. This review article discusses the role of TLR4 in the MS pathogenesis using recent in vitro and in vivo investigations.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种全球性的炎症性疾病，在年轻人中较为普遍。该疾病的病因及其相关并发症尚不清楚。有人假设，环境因素，包括病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）和内在因素，如损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs），可能是导致该疾病及其相关并发症的最重要诱导物/刺激物。先前的研究证明，病原体识别受体（PRRs）是 PAMPs 和 DAMPs 的主要传感器。因此，PRRs 似乎被认为是参与 MS 病因的合理分子。Toll 样受体（TLRs）是研究最广泛的 PRRs，其在人类相关疾病中的作用已有记载。TLR4 是几种免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）表面表达的主要 PRR。有几项研究报告称，TLR4 是参与炎症性疾病发病机制的主要分子之一。因此，有人假设 TLR4 可能是 MS 之谜的一部分。本文综述了最近的体外和体内研究，讨论了 TLR4 在 MS 发病机制中的作用。
